THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

Biology  Library 

BEQUEST  OF 

Theodore  S.  Palmer 


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7,     ' 


O, 


BIRDS  OF  THE  VICINITY 

OF  THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  INDIANA 


BY 

W.    L.    MCATEE 


September,    1905 


BIRDS  OF  THE  VICINITY 

OF  THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  INDIANA 


BY 


W.    L.    MCATEE 

L— - 


FROM   THE   PROCEEDINGS   OF  THE   INDIANA 

ACADEMY   OF  SCIENCES 

1904 


September,     1905 


m 


i  kji*ut+<\ 


65 


ECOLOGICAL  NOTHS  ON  THE  BIRDS  OCCURRING  WITHIN  A  RADIUS 
OF  FIVE  MILES  OF  THE  INDIANA  UNIVERSITY  CAMPUS.* 


BY  WALDO  LEE  MCATEE. 


With  Photographic  Illustrations  by  CLARENCE  GUY  LITTELL. 

At  various  times  since  1883  students  of  Indiana  University  interested 
in  birds  have  kept  records  of  the  migrations,  breeding  habits,  etc.,  of  the 
birds  within  a  radius  of  several  miles  of  Bloomington.  Twenty  sets  of 
migration  records,  covering  fourteen  seasons,  are  on  file  in  the  archives 
of  the  Biological  Survey  at  AVashington,  D.  C. 

Three  lists  of  birds  have  been  prepared  by  former  students. 

W.  S.  Blatchley  in  1880  recorded  the  "Winter  Birds  of  the  Vicinity  of 
Bloomington,  Indiana,"  in  the  Hoosier  Naturalist  I,  pp.  169-171. 

B.  W.  Evermami  published  a  list  of  "Birds  of  Monroe  County,  Indi- 
ana," in  the  Hoosier  Naturalist  II,  pp.  137-145  and  164.     He  enumerates 
179  species. 

C.  H.  Bollman  listed  192  species  in  an  unpublished  paper  on  file  in  the 
Biological  Survey. 

"The  Hoosier  Naturalist,"  in  which  Evermann's  and  Blatchley's  lists 
were  published  has  long  been  extinct  and  the  two  papers  are  not  ac- 
cessible. 

Some  of  the  above  lists  and  part  of  the  migration  records  were  used 
by  Amos  W.  Butler  in  his  "Birds  of  Indiana"  published  in  the  22d  Annual 
Report  of  the  Department  of  Geology  and  Natural  Resources,  Indianap- 
olis, 1897. 

Pertinent  facts  contained  in  the  above  sources  have  been  brought 
together  in  the  present  paper.  They  have  been  confirmed  or  supple- 
mented by  the  author's  observations  extending  through  the  last  four 
years.  While  the  material  presented  is  chiefly  of  local  interest  it  contains 
additions  to  our  knowledge  of  the  birds  of  Indiana  and  the  more  general 
subject  of  bird  migration.  Wherever  possible,  the  authority  for  any  state- 


'•'Contributions  from  the  Zoological  Laboratory  of  Indiana  University,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  C.  II.  Eigenmann.    No.  60. 

5— A.  OK  SCIENCE,  '04. 

546 


66 

ment  is  indicated.  When  no  authority  is  given  the  author  is  responsible 
for  the  data. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  observers  most  quoted.  Their  initials  are 
used  to  indicate  their  authority. 

V.  H.  Barnett. 

W.  S.  Blatchley. 

C.  H.  Bollman. 

C.  H.  Eigenniann. 

B.  W.  E'vermann. 
W.  L.  Halm. 

P.  J.  Hartman. 

C.  H.  Kennedy. 
E.  M.  Kindle. 
C.  G.  Littell. 
W.  L.  McAtee. 
N.  B.  Myers. 

A.  B.  Ulrey. 

G.  G.  Williamson. 

When  other  authorities  are  quoted  their  names  are  given  in  full. 

To  make  the  facts  contained  in  this  paper  more  readily  accessible  to 
teachers  and  students  they  have  been  placed  in  tabular  form  and  ap- 
pear at  the  end  of  the  paper.  The  table  and  the  index  were  prepared  by 
C.  H.  Frazea  and  Leonard  Haseman. 

The  region  over  which  observations  have  been  made,  embracing  the 
territory  within  about  live  miles  of  Bloomiiigtou,  is  varied  in  its  topogra- 
phy. On  the  east  and  north  are  many  rocky  ravines,  some  of  th;  :a  con'a'n- 
ing  cascades.  At  Bloomingion,  to  the  south  of  ii  and  some  distance  t'j  tlu 
west  the  surface  is  gently  rolling  anil  lias  typical  features  of  the  oolitic 
limestone  area  of  Indiana.  To  the  west  in  the  Mitchell  limestone  area 
the  surface  is  pitted  with  various  sinkholes  beneath  which  are  caves  of 
considerable  extent.  Blcomii-2;lo:i  and  the  aiea  about  it  are  well  drained 
by  rock  bound  brooks  running  in  part  to  the  north  through  Rocky  Branch, 
Griffy  Creek  and  Bean  Blossom,  finally  flowing  into  the  North  Fork  of 
White  River.  Other  brooks,  the  Jordan  River  and  Clear  Creek  drain  the 
southern  part  of  Bloomington  through  Clear  Creek  into  the  East  Fork  of 
White  River.  The  extreme  eastern  part  of  the  area  is  drained  into  Salt 
Creek  and  thence  into  the  East  Fork  of  White  River.  The  western  part 


67 

is  rich  in  springs  and  sinkholes  filled  with  water,  the  general  trend  of  the 
underground  drainage  of  this  area  being  southward.  There  are  no  large 
streams  or  other  large  bodies  of  water  or  swamp  in  the  region  under 
consideration.  Two  artificial  ponds  have  been  constructed  in  recent  years, 
a  smaller  one  which  supplies  the  Monon  R.  R.  yards  with  water  and  a 
largir  one  which  is  the  storage  reservoir  of  the  Bloomington  waterworks. 

The  region  is  fairly  forested,  largely  by  second  growth  timber,  though 
in  some  parts  of  the  Knobstone  region  the  primeval  forests  remain. 

The  area  is  not  well  suited  to  aquatic  birds  but  offers  many  favorable 
localities  to  terrestial  migrants  and  residents. 

The  total  number  of  species  recorded  is  two  hundred  and  twenty-five, 
and  includes  seventy  per  cent,  of  the  birds  recorded  from  the  entire  State. 
Of  this  number  ninety-eight  nest  here  and  thirty-nine  of  the  breeding 
birds  are  also  permanent  residents.  Twenty-one  are  winter  visitants. 
Ninety-six  are  migrants  and  are  seen  during  a  few  days  in  spring  and 
fall.  Six  are  extinct,  two  are  included  on  rather  doubtful  evidence,  and 
one  is  a  hypothetic  species.  The  last  three  groups  are  included  in  the 
supplemental  list.  One  hundred  species  have  been  observed  on  or  over 
the  University  Campus. 

Each  species  which  has  been  observed  on  or  over  the  campus  of  In- 
diana University  is  marked  by  an  asterisk.  In  cases  of  species  which 
are  either  winter  or  summer  residents,  the  recorded  extremes  of  their 
stay  are  given.  In  the  case  of  transients  the  limits  of  their  arrival  and 
departure  are  given  fcr  both  of  the  migratory  ssasons.  Extinct  and 
hypothetic  species  are  referred  to  a  supplemental  list.  Tli3  numbers  in 
brackets  and  the  nomeclature  are  those  of  the  A.  O.  U.  check-list. 

I  am  under  obligations  to  Prof.  \V.  \V.  Cooke  and  Mr.  A.  W.  Butler 
for  permission  to  examine  migration  schedules. 
1.     [3]  Colymbus  cmritus  Linn.    Horned  Grebe. 

Common  migrant.  April  11  to  24.  This  species  is  classed  as  a  com- 
mon migrant  wholly  upon  evidence  obtained  in  the  spring  of  1903.  It 
had  not  heretofore  been  recorded  from  the  county,  but  circumstances  lead 
me  to  believe  that  it  has  merely  been  overlooked.  The  first  specimen 
was  obtained  April  11,  by  Mr.  J.  J.  Batchelor  and  Mr.  James  Simonton. 
Three  others  were  seen  that  day.  The  following  numbers  were  seen  at 
the  dates  given:— 7,  April  12;  4,  April  13;  2,  April  17;  2.  April  18:  2.  April 
10,  and  2,  April  24. 


68 


2    [6]  Podilymbus  podiceps  (Linn.).     Pied-billed  Grebe. 

Common  migrant.  March  o  to  April  29  and  October  7  to  November  30. 
May  be  found  in  nearly  any  sink  or  quarry-hole  during  the  migratory  sea- 
son. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year                                

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

Observer                   

C.  II.  B. 

C.  II.  B. 

G.  G.  W. 

G.  G.W. 

First  seen    

4-3 

4-10 

3-26 

Next  seen  

4-4 

4  10 

La«t  seen 

10-7 

Abundance 

Common. 

Not  common 

Not  common 

Year 

1899 

1899 

1902 

1903. 

Observer 

N.B  M. 

W.  L  II. 

W.  L.  M. 

First  seen  .  . 

4-19 

3-8 

Next  seen    .        .       .  . 

•4-19 

Common  .... 

4  27 

Last  seen  
Abundance  

Rare. 

11-30 

4-29 

4-29 
Common. 

3.     [7]  Gar  in,  imber  (Gunn.).     Loon. 

Common  migrant,  April  1  to  May  11.  Loons  may  be  seen  on  the 
larger  ponds  any  morning  after  a  stormy  night  in  April.  Before  the 
waterworks  and  railroad  reservoirs  were  made  these  birds  were  not  seen. 
Bollman  and  Evermaun  do  not  give  the  Loon  in  their  lists  of  1888  and 
1887. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year 

1886. 

1903. 

Observer  
First  seen 

B.W.E. 

4-1 

W.L.M. 

4-13 

K^ext  seen                                                       

4-15 

Common      

4-15 

Last  seen   

5-11 

Abundance  

Common. 

69 

4.  [GO]  Larus  Philadelphia  (Ord).    Bonaparte's  Gull. 

Rare  migrant  One  record  April  16,  1903.  A  flock  of  one  hundred 
"gulls"  of  three  sizes  was  reported  in  April,  1902,  by  J.  J.  Batchelor. 
From  his  descriptions  I  concluded  that  these  were  either  Forster's  or  the 
common  Tern,  and  Bonaparte's  and  the  Herring  Gull.  When  these  birds 
appear  so  far  from  any  large  body  of  water  it  is  always  after  a  period 
of  very  high  winds. 

5.  [69]  Sterna  forsteri  Nutt.     Forster's  Tern. 
Rare  migrant.     Four  seen  May  13,  1903. 

0.     [70]  Sterna  hirnndo  Linn.     Common  Tern. 
Not  common  migrant  (C.  H.  B.  '86). 

7.  [120]   PMlacrocorax  dilophus  (Swain).     Double-crested  Cormorant. 
Rare  transient  (C.  H.  B.  '86).    May  3,  1885  (C.  H.  B.). 

8.  [129]  Meryanser  americanus  (Cass.).     American  Merganser. 
Common  migrant.    In  1887  B.  W.  Evermann  classed  it  as  not  common. 

In   late   years,   however,   the   Fish  Duck   has   become  a   common   spring 
visitor  to  the  reservoirs. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year                                                          

1903. 

Observer       .  .            

W.L.  M. 

4-16 

4-.  9 

5-14 

Last  Seen                                                                                       .                  

5-14 

Abundance                                                                 .                ...                 

Common. 

9.  [131]     Lophodytes  cucullatus  (Linn.).     Hooded  Merganser. 

Common  transient  (C.  H.  B.  '86).  March  4,  1885  (C.  H.  B.).  Several 
specimens,  without  dates,  are  in  the  University  collection. 

10.  [132]  Anas  boschas  Linn.     Mallard.* 

Abundant  migrant.  February  10  to  April  23.  After  the  example  of 
Prof.  TV.  W.  Cooke  all  records  simply  given  as  "ducks"  are  referred  to 
this  species. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1886. 

1892 

19;)3 

Observer 

B  W  E 

E  M  K 

W   L   M 

Fir.-  1  .'•een 

3-1 

2-10 

Next  ?een  .   .        .   . 

3-4 

3-8 

Common    .... 

4-3 

4-23 

Last  seen  

4-°3 

Abundance  

11.     [139]  Nettion  carol ineiisis  (Gmel.).     Green-winged  Teal. 
Not  common  migrant  (B.  W.  E'.  '87).     March  4  to  April  17. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

183-3. 

1003. 

Observer  
First  seen  ....  
Ne  xt  seen 

B.  W.  E. 
3-4 
3-5 

W.L.M. 

4-:o 

Common  

La,*t  •  een 

4-17 

Abundance     . 

Not  common 

Xot  oo  nun  on 

12.     [1-12]  Fpatnla  clypeata  (Linn.).     Shoveller. 

Common  migrant.  March  20  to  May  8.  The  first  migrants  are  males 
and  are  seen  in  small  numbers;  later  in  the  season  the  flocks  are  mixed, 
hut  the  females  are  then  generally  in  the  majority. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

18S<'.. 

180(3. 

1902. 

1903. 

Obse"ver  

B.  W.  E. 

W.S.  B. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.L.M. 

3-^0 

4-5 

Common     . 

4-19 

Lnst  seen 

5-8 

5-8 

4-13 

4  21 

Abundance  

Not  common 

Common. 

13.    143  Daflla  acuta  (Linn.).     Pintail. 
Rare  migrant.     Feb.  26  to  March  4. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1886 

1902 

Observer                                      ... 

B  W  E 

W  L  M 

First  seen 

2-26 

3-1 

Next  seen  

3-1 

14.     [144]  Aix  sponsa  (Linn.).    Wood  Duck.* 

Rare  migrant.  March  24  to  May.  Formerly  a  common  summer  resi- 
dent (C.  H.  B.  '86),  and  the  most  common  duck,  often  seen  near  the 
campus  (B.  W.  E.  '87).  Reported  breeding  in  1887  (G.  G.  W.),  and  in  recent 
years  (A.  W.  Butler,  '97).  At  present  this  duck  is  extremely  rare;  the 
only  one  reported  since  1897  was  seen  in  May,  1902  (T.  J.  Headlee). 

MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Year  

1885 

1887 

Observer  ^ 

C  H   B 

G  G  W 

First  seen  

3-31 

3  34 

Next  seen  

4  1 

3  26 

15.  [146]  Ay  thy  a  americana  (Eyt.).     Redhead. 

Although  this  bird  is  a  common  migrant  in  neighboring  localities, 
there  is  but  one  record  of  its  occurrence  here.  Four  were  taken  March  20, 
1903. 

16.  [147]  Ayihya  vqllwneria  (Wils.).     Canvas-back. 
Common  migrant  (C.  H.  B.  '86).     Common  April  23,  1903. 

17.  [148]  Aythya  marila  (Linn.).     American  Scaup  Duck. 
One  record.     March  4,  1886  (B.  W.  E.). 

18.  [149]  Ayfhya  afflnis  (E'yt).     Lesser  Scaup  Duck.* 

Common  migrant.  March  9  to  May  8.  The  Little  Blue-bill  is  the 
most  common  duck.  As  is  the  case  with  the  Shoveller,  the  first  migrants 
are  males.  The  females,  however,  are  present  in  larger  numbers  than 
the  males  in  the  flocks  seen  later  in  the  season. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Yefir      .  .       .   .          .          

1885 

1836. 

1902 

1903 

Observer         

C.  II.  B. 

B  W.  V. 

W.  L.  M 

W.  L.  M. 

First  seen    
Next  seen   

3-30 

3-27 
4-5 

3-9 
1-5 

Common 

4-21 

LJI^  t  seen 

5-8 

4-19 

4-96 

Abundiince 

Common 

19.  [151]   Clangula  clangula  americana  (Bonap.).     American  Golden-eye. 
Rather   common   migrant.     There   are   several  records,   but   the  only 

date  at  hand  is  March  1,  1902. 

20.  [153]   Charitonetta  albeola  (Linn.).     Buffle-head. 

Very  rare  migrant  (B.  W.  E.  '87).     March  5,  1886  (B.  W.  E.). 

21.  [166]  Oidemia  perspicillata  (Linn.).     Surf  Scoter. 

Rare:  one  seen  in  1888,  "a  storm  duck"  (C.  H.  B.).  Of  very  unusual 
occurrence  away  from  large  bodies  of  water  in  this  latitude.  The  only 
other  records  for  the  State  are  for  the  year  1875. 

22.  [167]  Erismatura  jamaicCnsis  (Gmel.).     Ruddy  Duck. 
Not  common  migrant.     April  24,  1903. 

23.  [169.1]  Chen  cccrulescens  (Linn.).     Blue  Goose. 
Rare  migrant  (C.  H.  B.  '86). 

24.  [172]     Brnnta  canadensis  (Linn.).     Canada  Goose.* 

Common  migrant.  February  17  to  April  12.  October  31  to  Novem- 
ber 24.  On  two  occasions,  3—2,  '02  and  2—17,  '03,  Wild  Geese  were 
seen  flying  south.  On  both  of  these  dates  there  was  a  sudden  drop 
in  the  temperature,  in  the  latter  case  to  six  degrees  below  zero.  Those 
seen  4—12,  1903,  were  flying  through  a  driving  rain.  A  Canada  Goose 
remained  about  the  campus  of  the  University  for  about  a  week  ending 
3—27,  '02.  At  nights  it  flew  m  all  directions  over  the  campus  from 
pond  to  pond,  and  its.  loud  calling  provoked  a  still  more  vociferous  dem- 
onstration from  the  watchdogs  below. 


7:3 


MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Year 

1885 

1885. 

1900. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

C  II  B 

C  H  B 

-N  B  M 

W  L  M 

W  L   M 

W   L   M 

3-11 

3-3 

3-2 

2-1? 

Next  seen 

3-8 

3-2 

3-2 

Last  seen 

11-24 

10-31 

•1-12 

Abundance    . 

Common. 

Not  common 

Common. 

Common  . 

Com  inon. 

25.     [190]     liotaurus  lentigiuosus  (Montag. ).     American  Bittern.* 

Rather  rare  migrant.  April  5  to  May  13,  August  7  to  October  22. 
Most  often  seen  on  the  weedy  margins  of  a  pond  but  not  rarely  in 
the  open  glades  of  a  forest,  or  in  the  pine  groves  where  they  flap  heavily 
from  treetop  to  treetop,  making  a  tremendous  clatter  in  rising  and 
alighting. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year                ...     .             

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1888 

1892 

Observer  

C.  H.  B. 

C.H.B. 

8-27 

B.W.  E. 

4-27  ft 

A.B.  U. 

4-23 

Next  seen 

9-* 

5-t 

Common                .        ... 

Last  seen.  .       .        

5-13 

10-22 

5-5 

Abundance     

Rare. 

Rare. 

Not  common 

Foster  Hight.    tE.M.  K.    ft  Wylie  ami  Mitchell. 


1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

Observer.                     ,            

W.  L.  M. 

W  L  M 

W  L  M 

W  L  M 

First  seen                ...            .... 

4-17 

4-25 

4-5 

Next  seen  

4-29 

4-21 

Com  mm  on  

Last  seen 

5-4 

4-22 

Abundance. 

Rath'r  rare 

26.  [191]     Ardetta  exilis  (Gmel.).     Least  Bittern. 

Rare  migrant.  One  was  taken  alive  and  kept  in  the  laboratory  for 
a  week  in  May,  1902.  It  was  fed  small  fishes,  which  it  swallowed 
readily.  Its  appetite  was  amazing  but  was  the  cause  of  its  death.  A 
large  mass  of  fish  bones  became  stuck  in  its  oesophagus  and  put  an 
end  to  his  gastronomic  feats  and  to  his  career. 

27.  [194]     Ardea  herodias  Linn.     Great  Blue  Heron 

Rather  rare  migrant.     March  12  to  April  30.     August  25. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  . 

1885 

1886 

1901. 

1902 

1903 

Observer                 ...          .  . 

C.  H.  B. 

W.  S.  B. 

W.L.  M. 

Bicknell 

W  L  M 

First  seen  

3-25 

4-8 

4-22 

3-12 

Next  £  een  

3-26 



Common  

Last  seen  

8-25 

4-30 

Abundance  

Not  common 

Rath'r  rare 

28.  [196]     Herodias  egretta  (Gmel. ).     American  Egret. 

Rare  migrant,  not  observed  since  1887.  "The  earliest  record  for 
Indiana  is  that  given  by  Prof.  Evermann  from  Bloomington,  April  10, 
1887"  (A.  W.  Butler).  Evermann  also  says  a  few  were  seen  in  August, 
1886.  C.  H.  Bollman  called  it  a  rare  transient  in  1886,  but  makes  the 
remark  that  it  might  be  added  to  the  list  of  summer  residents  as  he 
had  taken  it  July  29,  1885.  It  has  also  been  taken  in  this  county  by 

I.  N.  Corr  and  S.  E.  Meek. 

29.  [201]     Butorides  virescens  Linn.     Green  Heron.*    Figs.  1-5. 
Common  summer  resident.     April  10  to  September  22.     In  1901  C.  E. 

Edmonsbn  found  a  colony  of  ten  or  twelve  nests  in  a  small  clump  of 
cedars  near  the  water-works  reservoir.  June  3,  1901,  a  nest  was  found 
in  a  small  cedar,  about  50  yards  from  a  pond.  It  was  25  feet  high' 
in  a  dense  thicket  of  small  trees.  The  nest  was  poorly  made  of  sticks  and 
the  eggs  were  visible  from  below.  There  were  5  eggs.  On  June  11 
these  were  hatched,  and  on  the  19th  the  young  were  well  covered  with 
down  and  were  hopping  around  among  the  branches  (W.  L.  H.).  May 

II,  1903,   a  Green  Heron's  nest  with  6  eggs  was  found  13  feet  up  in 
an  apple  tree  in  an  orchard.     Five  eggs  were  in  the  lower  layer,   the 
sixth  on  top.     There  was  another  nest  about  20  feet  up  in  an  adjoining 


7o 


tree,  which  contained  four  eggs.     The  eggs  in  the  first  nest  were  hatched 
May  29  (C.  G.  L.). 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1892. 

1893. 

Observer  

C.II.B. 

C.  II.  B. 

C.  II.  B. 

E.M.  K 

E.  M  K 

First  seen  .                              .... 

4-17 

4-°4 

4-22 

4-17 

Next  scon  

4-18 

4-29 

Common  

4-28 

La?t  seen    

9-22 

A  b  unda  nee  

Abundant 

Abundant 

Rare 

Rare 

Year  

1899. 

1POO. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer  

N  B  M 

N  B  M 

C   II   K 

W  L  M 

First  seen  
Next  seen 

5-16 

4-17 
5  2 

4-23 

4-10 
4-14 

Common  

5-12 

5-11 

hast  seen  

Abundance 

30.  [201]     Gnis  arncrtcana  (Linn. ).     Whooping  Crane. 

"Mr.  Charles  Dury,  of  Cincinnati,  O.,  informs  me  that  there  is  a 
specimen  in  the  Cnvier  Club  in  that  city  that  was  taken  near  Bloom- 
ington,  Ind."  (A.  W.  Butler.) 

31.  [214]     Porzana  Carolina  (Linn. ).     Sora. 

Rare  migrant.     B.  W.  Evermann  says  it  is  not  often  saen  and  gives 
two  dates— May  5,  1886,  and  April  15,  1887.     C.  H.  Bollman,  '86,  records 
it  as  a  transient.     It  was  also  seen  May  8,  1900.     (N.  B.  M.) 
32      [215]     Porzana  novcboracensis  (Gmel. ).     Yellow  Rail. 

Not  common.  (B.  AV.  E.  '87.)  "Prof.  Everrnann  met  with  it  near 
Blooming-ton  in  August,  1885,  where  one  specimen  was  taken  alive  in 
a  marsh"  (A.  AV.  Butler). 

33.  [219]      Gallinula  galeata  (Licht.).     Florida  Gallinule. 

Rare  migrant.    Two  specimens  taken  May  10,  1880,  by  H.  S.  Bates. 

34.  [221]     Ful tea  americana  Gmel.     American  Coot. 

Rare  migrant.  April  12  and  26,  1903  (AA^.  L.  M.).  and  April  17,  1900 
<N.  B.  M.). 


76 


35.     [228]     Philohela  minor  (Gmel.).     American  Woodcock. 

Reckoned  as  a  common  summer  resident  in  1886,  this  bird  can  now 
be  ranked  only  as  a  rare  migrant. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year                            ..           

1885. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer            •  •  ..... 

C.  H.  B. 

W.L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

3-29 

3-4 

4-19 

Common. 

Rare. 

Rare. 

36.     [230]     Gallinago  delicate  (Ord.).     Wilson's  Snipe.* 

Common  migrant.     March  6  to   May  10. .    September  22  to   October 
28.     Common  along  all  small  streams  in  March  and  April. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year 

1885. 

1885. 

1886 

1887 

O.K.  B. 

C.  H  B. 

B  W.  E. 

G.  G.  W. 

4-17 

3-15 

3-25 

4-18 

3-18 

4-2 

4-22 

9-22 

3-25* 

4-18* 

Abundant 

Not  common 

Common. 

Common. 

*W.  S.  B. 

*B.  W.  E. 

Year                                 ...        ... 

1899. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer              .                             

N.  B.M. 

W.L.M. 

W.  L.  M. 

P.  J.  H. 

First  seen               

4-28 

3-6 

Common  

4-18 

4-17* 

5-10 

10-28 

Common 

Common. 

Common. 

*W.  L.  M. 

77 


37.     [239]     ActodromcDS  macnhita  (Vieill.).     Pectoral  Sandpiper. 

Moderately  common  migrant.  March  15  to  May  9.  This  bird  seeins 
to  have  been  quite  common  during  the  spring  of  1885.  The  bulk  of 
the  species  departed  May  3. 

MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1903. 

Observer 

C.  H.  B. 

B  W.  E. 

B.  W.  E. 

W.  L.  M. 

First  seen 

3-27 

3-15 

3-15 

4-19 

3-18 

4-22 

5-9 

5-5 

4-29 

Abundance 

Common 

N  ot  common 

38      [242]     ActodromaainfaviiliatViQill;).     Least  Sandpiper. 
Rare  migrant  (B.  W.  E.  '87). 

39.  [246]     Ereunctes  pitni'llns  (Linn. ).     Seniipalmated  Sandpiper. 

Rare  migrant  (B.  W.  E.  '87).  Twelve  were  seen  April  26,  1903  (H.  H. 
Lane),  and  one  May  3,  1903. 

40.  [254]     Totanu*  melanoleucus  (Gmel.).     Greater  Yellow-legs. 

Not  observed  until  the  spring  of  1903  when  it  was  seen  in  small 
numbers  on  April  '20,  29  and  30  and  May  1  (W.  L.  M.).  A  bird  con- 
spicuous by  restless  actions  accompanied  by  continual  and  piercing  cries. 

41.  [255]     Totanuxll(irii>e*  (Gmel. ).     Yellow-legs. 

One  record.  Concerning  the  year  1895,  which  was  remarkable  for 
early  arrivals  of  the  Yellow-legs,  Butler  says:  "The  last  report  from 
southern  Indiana  that  spring  was  from  Bloomington,  where  it  was  noted 
April  2G"  (Juday). 

42.  [256]     Helodromm  soliturms  (Wils. ).     Solitary  Sandpiper. 

Common  migrant  and  perhaps  rare  summer  resident.  April  23  to 
June  9.  October  6.  This  bird  has  been  reported  as  early  as  March 
20,  but  these  dates  should  probably  be  referred  to  some  other  species, 
perhaps  Wilson's  Snipe.  One  observer  records  it  as  a  summer  resident 
while  another  gives  a  queried  affirmation.  The  date,  June  9,  is  an  ex- 
tremely late  one  if  the  Solitary  Sandpiper  is  to  be  considered  purely 
as  a  migrant.  But  it  probably  indicates  summer  residence,  since  in  the 
Alaskan  breeding  grounds  young  have  been  found  in  the  same  month 


(June  23,  '03,  Charlie  Creek,  Yukon  River.  W.  H.  Osgood).  A  common 
bird  during  the  migratory  season  in  all  muddy  places.  Seen  as  early  as 
September  20  in  fall.  Will  probably  be  found  in  August. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

188ii. 

1887. 

1892. 

1899. 

1900. 

1903. 

190S, 

Observer  
J?ir«t  seen 

C.H.B. 

5-3 

G.G.W. 

4-28 

E.  M.K. 

5-7 

N.B.M. 

4-29 

N.B  M. 

5-3 

W.L.M. 

4-93 

W.L.M. 

Next  seen  
Common  
Last  seen  .  .... 

5-5 

5-7 

4-30 

5-16 

5  4 
5  12 
5-12 

4-30 
5-3 
6-9 

10  6 

Abundance  

Rare. 

Rare. 

Common 

43.  [261]     Bartmmia  lonyicauda  (Bechst. ).     Bartrainian  Sandpiper. 
Not  common  transient  (C.  H.  B.  '8G.). 

44.  [233]     Actitis  macularia  (Linn. ).     Spotted  Sandpiper. 

Ccnimon  migrant  and  rare  summer  resident.  April  12.  There  is 
one  egg  in  the  University  collection  from  this  locality.  Found  in  the 
same  places  as  the  Solitary  Sandpiper  but  in  smaller  numbers. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year       ....             .             

1885. 

1892. 

190D. 

W0I. 

1903. 

Observer                   

C.  H.  B. 

E.  M.  K. 

N.  B.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

First  seen                 ...          

4-22 

4-27 

4-17 

4  12 

4-19 

Next  seen  

5-2 

t-7 

4-28 

4-24 

5-3 

4-28 

Common 

Rare. 

Common. 

45.     [273]     Oryechus  vocffera  (Linn.).     Killdeer.*    Fig.  6. 

Abundant  summer  resident  and  rare  winter  resident.  January  31  to 
Dec.  12.  Nest  and  four  eggs  found  April  12,  1903  (C.  E.  Edmondson). 
Another  set  found  May  12,  1003,  in  a  depression  in  the  ground  lined 
with  dry  grass  (C.  G.  L.).  During  several  dark  and  cloudy  or  rainy 


79 


nights  (March  5  to  13,  1903),  the  well-Known  piercing  notes  of  this  bird 
were  heard  everywhere  at  all  hours.  On  Nov.  29,  '03,  a  Killdeer  was 
seen  on  the  snow  when  there  was  no  open  water.  The  few  uncovered 
mudtly  ?pots  were  filled  with  tracks  ancl  prolongs. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year    ... 

1884. 

1885. 

18«5. 

1886. 

1886 

Observer  
First  seen  

C.H.E. 

3-18 

C.  II.  E. 

2-C8 

C.H.  B. 

B.W.E. 

3-7 

B.  W.E. 

3-7 

2-14 

Common 

3-19 

3-25* 

Last  seen                     ...        

12-12 

11 

Abundance     

Abundant. 

Abundant 

Common. 

Common  . 

*W.S.  B. 

Year            

1892. 

1899. 

1900. 

1901 

1902 

Observer  
First  seen  

A.  B.  U. 
3-24 

N.  B.  M. 
3-2 

N.  B.M. 
3-9 

W.  L.M. 

3-17 

W.  L.  M. 

3-1 

Next  seen 

4-2 

5-3 

4-20 

3_19* 

3-7 

Common 

3-°4 

3-26 

Last  seen 

Abundance  

Common. 

Rare. 

Not  common 

Abundant. 
-  V.  II.  B. 

Abundant. 

46.      [289]     Culinns    rir<~//ii><tntix  (Linn.).     Bob-white.* 

Bob-white  is  scarcely  a  common  resident  at  present.  In  1886  C.  H. 
Bollmann  considered  it  abundant.  May  18,  1903,  a  nest  and  two  eggs 
were  found  in  a  rather  damp  spot  in  a  large  dense  woods  and  June 
14,  young  ones  were  seen  running  about  with  their  mother  (C.  G.  L.). 
Coveys  have  been  observed  rather  late;  eight  were  seen  April  13,  1902, 
and  seven,  May  16,  1903.  The  so-called  "crazy"  season  w^as  at  its  height 
October  11,  1902.  A  score  of  instances  was  noted  of  their  flying  in 
open  doors  and  against  windows.  More  often  seen  in  the  woods  than 
in  open  fields. 


80 

47.  [300]     Bonasa  umbellw  (Linn.).     Ruffed  Grouse. 

As  late  as  1886  the  Ruffed  Grouse  was  a  common  resident  in  Mon- 
roe County  (C.  H.  B.),  and  in  1887  was  frequently  seen  in  the  hills  north- 
east of  town  (B.  W.  E.),  and  was  rather  common  in  deep  woods  (W.  S. 
B.).  These  phrases  are  far  from  indicative  of  the  occurrence  of  the 
Ruffed  Grouse  at  present.  In  four  years  of  continuous  field-Avork  but 
one  bird  has  been  observed  each  year.  April  7,  1901,  a  splendid  male 
was  seen;  March  23,  1902,  one  was  found  dead;  Sept.  23,  1902,  one 
flew  through  a  window  into  a  house,  and  March  14,  1903,  one  was 
seen  in  a  dense,  tangled  and  wild  tract  of  woods  which  was  swept 
by  a  hurricane  several  years  ago  (P.  J.  H.).  It  is  in  this,  place  that 
the  Ruffed  Grouse  will  probably  persist  longest  in  this  county,  and  it 
may  be  found  there  in  sparing  numbers  for  several  years.  Three  were 
seen  in  this  locality  on  April  9,  1904,  and  two  more  on  April  10.  In  Brown, 
the  adjoining  county  east,  the  Ruffed  Grouse  was  classed  as  common 
as  late  as  1894  (E.  M.  K.). 

48.  [316]     Zenaidura  macroura  (Linn. ).     Mourning  Dove.*    Figs.  7-10. 
Common  resident,   less  numerous  in  winter,   though  it  is  sometimes 

seen  in  bands  of  four  to  twelve  in  this  season.  They  become  common 
after  the  first  week  of  March,  and  the  dates  are  rather  regular — March 
8,  '01,  March  9,  '02,  March  8,  '03.  A  bird  of  even  distribution,  equally 
liable  to  be  met  wTith  in  thickets  or  more  open  woods  or  in  plowed  lands 
or  weedy  fields.  A  most  attractive  creature  of  beautiful  appearance 
and  pleasing  manner,  in  tlie  mating  season  filling  the  air  with  the 
sonorous  melody  of  his  love. 

The  point  of  greatest  interest  in  regard  to  the  Mourning  Dove  is 
its  early  nesting.  Mr.  A.  W.  Butler  says:  "They  begin  cooing  about  the 
middle  of  March.  *  *  *  They  mate  early,  and  their  nests,  with  com- 
plement of  eggs  are  often  found  early  in  April— April  4,  Franklin 
County."  B.  W.  Evermann  found  a  nest  and  set  of  eggs  here  April 
17,  1886.  In  the  last  few  years,  however,  nests  and  eggs  have  been 
found  at  much  earlier  dates.  In  1901,  the  first  nest  was  found  March 
17;  no  eggs  were  seen,  however,  until  April  7  and  April  10.  Those  found 
on  the  latter  date  wrere  hatched  April  14,  therefore  they  must  have  been 
laid  about  on1  the  first  and  second  days  of  April.  The  nest  was  in  a 
tangle  of  vines  on  a  rail  fence.  In  1902  the  record  was  as  follows: 
Cooing  March  7— nest  complete  March  27— one  egg  seen  March  28.  This 


81 


•egg  and  nest  were  then  destroyed  by  an  unfortunate  accident.  Three 
other  nests  were  found,  however,  on  the  29th,  each  of  which  contained 
either  one  or  two  eggs.  All  of  these  nests  were  placed  in  small  cedar 
trees.  A  Dove  was  heard  cooing  imperfectly  November  9.  Doves  began 
cooing  in  1903  on  March  5.  The  first  nest  wras  found  in  a  cedar,  March 
22;  on  April  8  it  contained  0119  egg  and  one  young  dove  just  hatched. 
Reckoning  the  period  of  incubation  as  two  weeks,  this  nest  must  have 
had  a  full  set  of  eggs  on  March  25  or  26.  Another  nest  was  in  a  pine 
tree  and  had  young  two  and  one-half  inches  long  on  April  11.  These 
were  at  least  a  week  old,  probably  more.  Then  this  nest  must  have 
contained  a  full  complement  of  eggs  on  March  21.  On  April  24  a  nest 
containing  two  eggs  was  found  flat  on  the  ground  under  a  mandrake. 
49.  [325]  ('uflifirtrx  nnm  (Liiin. ).  Turkey  Vulture.* 

With  one  exception  all  the  records  show  that  the  Buzzard  is  a  resi- 
dent only  a  little  over  nine  months  in  the  year,  January  31  to  November 
21.  In  1892  E.  M.  Kindle  said  that  a  few  were  permanent  residents. 
They  are  quite  abundant  in  this  county,  and  it  is  not  an  uncommon 
thing  to  see  them  in  companies  of  ten  to  sixty  gliding  about  in  circling 
paths  in  the  upper  air. 

B.  W.  Evermaim  found  a  full  set  of  eggs  April  17,  1888.  This  is 
earlier  than  any  other  date  reported  from  the  State.  C.  G.  Littell  found 
young  just  hatched  in  a  nest  in  a  hollow  log  in  a  large,  dense  and 
damp  woods,  May  19,  '03.  According  to  the  owner  of  the  place  Buzzards 
had  roosted  at  this  si:ot  for  three  years  before. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1892. 

1893. 

1899. 

Observer  
First  seen  

C.  II.  B. 

2-7 

C.  H.  B. 

W.  S.  B. 
2-22 

E.  M.  K. 

2-6 

E.M.  K. 

2-22 

N.  B.  M. 
2-26 

Next  seen  

2-8 

2-23* 

2-13 

2-25 

4  1 

Common  

3-3 

2-13* 

3-2 

4  2 

Last  seen  .  .  :  

11-13 

Abundance  

Very  common. 

Abundant. 

Common. 
*B.  W.  E. 

Common. 
A.B.  U. 

Common. 

Common. 

6 -A.  OF  SCIENCE,  '04. 


82 


Year 

1900 

1901 

19(2 

1902 

1903 

1903 

Observer  

N.  B.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.L.M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

First  seen 

4-5 

2-17 

2-26 

1-31 

Next  seen  

4-18 

33 

3-14 

2-10 

Common  

4-18 

3-17 

3-20 

3-8 

Last  seen  

11-8 

11-21 

Abundance  

Common. 

Abundant. 

Abundant 

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

50.  [326]     Cutharista.  nrubu  (ViQill.).     Black  Vulture. 

Rare  spring  and  summer  visitant.  "It  was  noted  in  Monroe  County, 
1890"  (A.  W.  Butler).  One  was  seen  May  16,  1903. 

51.  [327]     Elunoides  forjicatux  (Linn.).     Swallow-tailed  Kite. 

Rare  summer  visitant.  All  that  have  been  reported  from  this  county- 
were  seen  in  August,  1885.  One  was  taken  on  the  4th  (C.  H.  B.),  and 
two  were  seen  of  which  one  was  taken  on  the  eighteenth  (B.  W.  E.). 

52.  [331]     Circus  hudsomus  (Linn.).     Marsh  Hawk. 

Rare  migrant.  The  earliest  and  latest  dates  of  arrival  for  a  series 
of  years  are  February  28,  '85  (C.  H.  B.),  and  April  19,  '02.  It  is  seen 
nearly  every  year,  and  it  was  probably  common  March  14,  1903,  when 
several  were  seen  in  a  densely  wooded  creek  bottom  (P.  ,T.  H.). 

53.  [332]     Accipiter  velox  (Wils. ).     Sharp-shinned  Hawk.* 

An  uncommon  resident;  common  in  winter  and  during  the  migra- 
tions, especially  in  March  and  October.  W.  S.  Blatcliley  reports  it  as 
breeding. 

54.  [333]     Accipiter  cooperii  (Boiiap. ).     Cooper's  Hawk.* 

Resident;  not  common;  breeds.  Most  numerous  in  January,  Febru- 
ary and  March. 

55.  [334]     Accipiter  atricapillus  (Wils. ).     American  Goshawk. 
Rare  winter  visitor;  one  taken  November  22,  1885  (G.  G.  W.). 

56.  [ 337  ]     Buteo  borealfs  ( Gmel. ) .     Red  tailed  Hawk. * 
Common  resident;  breeds.     Nest  and  eggs  April  19,   1903. 

57.  [339]     Buteo  l/'neatus  (Gmel.).     Red-shouldered  Hawk. * 

Common  resident;  breeds.  This  and  the  last  species  are  somewhat 
confined  to  the  wilder  parts  of  the  country,  but  are  occasionally  seen 
flying  over  the  city. 


83 

58.  [343]     Buteo  plali/iffenis  (Vieill.).     Broad- winged  Hawk.* 

Rather  rare  resident.  Not  reported  from  this  county  before  1892. 
More  often  seen  in  recent  years.  Commonest  in  April  and  October. 

59.  [347a]     Arcltibuteo   litgopnx  sctMti-johannis    (Gmel.)-     American  Rough- 

legged  Hawk. 
Rare  winter  visitor;  February  21,  1885  (C.  H.  B.). 

60.  [349]     Aqidla  chrysactoit  (Linn. ).     Golden  Eagle. 

Rare  winter  visitor:  a  few  seen  every  winter.  Has  been  observed 
as  late  as  May  13,  1903  (W.  L.  M.)  in  Brown  County,  where  it  is  as 
likely  to  remain  to  breed  as  in  any  part  of  Indiana.  Last  date  for 
Monroe  County,  No  vernier  28,  11)03. 

61.  [352]     /Iitliit'i'tnx  It'wocf'phftlHn    Linn.).     Bald  Eagle. 

Rare  winter  visitor.  Considered  less  rare  than  the  last  by  W.  S. 
Blatchley  and  B.  W.  Evernmnn.  But  in  recent  years  the  Bald  Eagle 
has  not  been  observed  at  all,  while  Golden  Eagles  have  been  seen  and 
captured  every  year.  The  last  date  is  July  29,  1885  (S.  E.  Meek).  This 
date  suggests  a  possibility  of  summer  residence  of  this  bird  also. 

62.  [357]     Fah'o  coiumbarius  Linn.     Pigeon  Hawk. 

Rare  migrant,  taken  several  times  during  1885-1887,  but  not  observed 
in  recent  years.  March  12,  1887  (W.  S.  B.).  April  28,  1885  (C.  H.  B.). 
November  7,  1885  (G.  G.  W.) 

63.  [360]     Falm  x)>arrerins  Linn.     American  Sparrow  Hawk.* 

Common  resident,  less  numerous  in  winter;  in  fact,  they  are  entirely 
absent  some  winters  as  they  were  during  those  of  19-00-1901,  1902-1903 
and  1884-1885.  They  become  common  in  March— March  15,  1902,  March 
19,  1903,  March  2G,  1885  (C.  H.  B.).  They  have  been  observed  mating 
March  17,  '€3  (W.  L.  M.),  and  repairing  a  nest  on  the  University  cam- 
pus, which  has  been  used  for  years,  on  April  11,  1901  and  1933.  In 
years  when  they  do  not  winter  it  is  seen  that  the  females  are  the 
first  migrants,  as  for  example,  in  3885.  The  first  and  second  dates  for 
females  were  March  17  and  20,  while  males  were  not  seen  until  March 
23  and  24. 

64.  [364]     Pandion  haliaetus  carolinemis  (Gmel. ).     American  Osprey. 
Rather    rare    migrant.      March    12    to    April    29.      November.      C.    H. 

Bollmann  saw  but  one  in  four  years,  March  12,  1885.  B.  W.  Evermann 
said  it  was  occasional  on  the  White  River  ('87),  and  E.  M.  Kindle 
reported  it  during  November,  1892.  Of  late  it  has  been  seen  frequently 


84 

in  the   central  part  of  the   county;   the   record   for  1903   is   as   follows: 
First  seen  April  13,   next   April   17,   and  last  April  29. 

65.  [366]     Asio  wilsonianus  (Less.).     American  Long-eared  Owl. 

Rare  winter  visitor.  Fall  1886  (B.  W.  E.);  Jan.  30,  1883  (W.  S.  B.); 
March  19,  1885  (C.  H.  B.),  are  the  only  dates  at  hand. 

66.  [367]     Asio  accipitrinus.  (Pall.).     Short-eared  Owl. 
"Very  rare;  two  seen  in  the  fall  of  1886"  (B.  W.  E.). 

67.  [368]     Syrnium  varium  (Barton).     Barred  Owl.* 

Considered  a  common  resident  by  C.  H.  Bollmann,  B.  W.  EVermann 
and  W.  S.  Blatchley.  The  last  is  authority  for  a  breeding  record.  I 
know  but  little  concerning  the  occurrence  of  owls  in  Monroe  County. 
In  fact  owls  are  more  rare  here  at  present  than  in  any  place  where 
I  have  ever  made  observations.  The  only  record  of  a  Barred  Owl  in 
three  years  is  March  24,  1902,  when  one  was  heard.  That  this  con- 
dition is  only  a  temporary  one  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  in  the  fall 
of  1900  Screech  Owls  were  abundant  and  Great  Horned  and  Barred 
Owls  were  often  heard  and  seen. 

68.  [372]     Cryptoyltutx  acadica  (Gmel. ).     Saw- whet  Owl.* 

Rare  resident.  August  20,  1884.  One  was  taken  in  the  University 
power  plant  November  27,  1886  (C.  H.  B.). 

69.  [373]     Megascops  asio  (Linn. ).     Screech  Owl.* 

Common  resident.  Breeds.  The  red  phase  prevails.  With  the  excep- 
tion of  the  fall  of  1900  this  has  been  a  rare  bird  here  in  the  last  few 
years. 

This  is  the  fellow  Avho  can  best  explain  the  meaning  of  the  series 
of  fan-like  scratches  which  we  see  after  a  fresh  fall  of  snow  on  either 
side  of  two  parallel  rows  of  tiny  dots  which  end  in  a  little  carmine 
punctuated  pit— the  shambles  of  a  Peromyscus.  A  Screech  Owl  which  had 
the  sad  affliction  of  a  cataract  on  one  eye  was  placed  in  a  roomy  cage 
with  two  whitefooted  mice  with  which  to  satisfy  his  appetite.  Morning 
dawned  on  the  scene  of  an  unexpected  tragedy.  Two  mice,  with  golden 
coats  and  pretty  white  stockings,  were  nestled  in  a  warm  bed  of  bright 
rufous  feathers,  sleeping  away  the  effects  of  a  banquet  of  owl. 

70.  [375]     Kubo  virginianus  (Gmel.).     Great  Horned  Owl. 

Common  resident  (C.  H.  B.  and  B.  W.  E.).  Breeds  (W.  S.  B.).  As 
in  the  case  of  the  other  Striges,  rare  since  1900.  The  only  recent  date 
is  March  22,  1903  (P.  J.  H.). 


85 


The  following  epitaph  is  of  interest:  "  'Old  Bubo,'  the  college  pet. 
Caught  in  a  steel  trap  in  September,  1885,  and  kept  in  the  basement 
of  Owen  Hall  until  January,  1886,  when  he  died." 

71.  [376]     Nyctea  nyctea  (Linn. ) .     Snowy  Owl. 

Rare  winter  visitor  (C.  H.  B.  '86.).  Last  date,  January  25,  1903 
(P.  J.  H.). 

72.  [387]     Coccyzus  americanm  (Linn.).     Yellow-billed  Cuckoo.* 
Common  summer  resident.     April  13  to   Sept.  24.     Breeds.     A  nest 

of  the  Yellow-billed  Cuckoo  was  found  May  30,  1901.  It  contained  one 
egg  on  that  day  and  two  on  the  next.  It  was  in  a  spice-bush  three 
feet  above  the  ground  and  was  built  of  sticks  and  partly  lined  with 
leaves  (W.  L.  H.).  May  25,  1903,  a  nest  and  two  eggs  were  found 
about  seven  feet  up  in  a  grapevine  (C.  G.  L.).  In  1885  a  nest  with 
fresh  eggs  was  found  as  late  as  June  30,  by  B.  W.  Everinann  (Butler). 
"The  usual  nest  is  a  mere  pretense,  a  flimsy  structure  of  a  few  sticks, 
with  a  few  blossoms,  generally  of  the  oak,  upon  which  to  lay  the  eggs. 
Occasionally  a  very  substantial  nest  is  built— one  such  was  found  at 
Blooming-ton,  Ind.,  by  my  friend,  Mr.  O.  M.  Meyncke"  (Butler). 

MIGBATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1892. 

1893. 

Observer  

C.H.  B. 

5--17 
5-19 
5-24 

C.  H.  B. 

G.G.W. 
4-13 

5-5* 

E.  M.  K. 

5-7 
5-13 

E.  M.K. 

5  15 
5-21 

First  seen                 

Next  seen         

Common  
Last  seen  

9-24 
Very  common. 

Very  common. 

Common. 
*B.  W.  E. 

Common. 

Common. 

Year 

1899 

1900 

1902 

1902 

1903 

Observer  
First  seen      

N.B.M. 

4-28 

N.B.M. 

5-15 

W.L.  M. 

5-5 

W.L.M. 

W.  L.  M. 

5-5 

Next  seen  

4-29 

5-16 

5-10 

Common  
Last  seen 

5-4 

5-17 

5-10 

9-21 

5-13 

Abundance  

Common 

Common 

Common 

Common 

Common^ 

73.     [888]     Cofcijznsrryihrophthalmus  (Wils.).    Black-billed  Cuckoo.*  Fig.  11. 

Common  summer  resident.  'May  12  to  Sept.  22.  Breeds.  May  20, 
1903,  C.  G.  Littell  found  a  nest  and  three  eggs  about  eight  feet  up 
in  a  cedar.  The  nest  was  a  mere  platform. 

In  1887  B.  W.  Eveimann  said  that  this  species  was  apparently  more 
coir.mou  than  the  last.  If  there  is  any  difference  in  numbers  at  present 
the  Black-billed  Cuckoo  is  the  more  rare  of  the  two  species.  All  rec- 
ords since  1892  show  tli3  same  state  of  affairs.  In  1894,  E.  M.  Kindle 
considered  this  bird  rare  and  the  last  common  in  Brown  County.  At 
this  place  the  present  species  is  a  much  more  regular  migrant  than 
the  Yellow-billed  Cuckoo.  Records  of  five  springs  show  that  it  arrived 
either  on  the  12th  or  13th  of  May.  May  12,  1893,  Mr.  E.  M.  Kindle 
heard  them  calling  as  they  passed  over,  and  on  April  13,  1888,  Mr.  G. 
•G.  Williamson  heard  the  calling  of  Cuckoos,  "Yellow  or  Black-billed 
or  both."  This  is  much  the  earliest  date  that  has  been  recorded  for 
either  species  within  the  State.  In  -all  probability  the  birds  heard  were 
Yellow-billed  Cuckoos,  as  they  are  much  more  irregular  than  the  Black- 
billed  in  the  time  of  their  arrival  and  are  always  observed  earlier. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Yenr 

1885 

1885 

1886 

1890 

1893 

1902 

1903 

Observer 

C  H  B. 

CUB 

B  W  E 

E   M   K 

E  M  K 

\V  L  M 

W  L  M 

First  seen 

5-12 

5-13 

5-13 

5-12 

5-12 

5  16 

5  13 

•Common 

5-19 

Last  seen  
Abundance  

Abund. 

9-22 
Abund.. 

Very  com. 

Com. 

9-21 
Com. 

Com. 

74.     [390]     Ceryle  alcyon  (Linn. ).     Belted  Kingfisher. 

Common  summer  resident;  rare  winter  resident.  March  5  to  No- 
vember 9.  Jan.  4,  1893  (E.  M.  K.).  Breeds.  The  females  become  numer- 
ous in  spring  before  the  males. 


87 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1837. 

1892. 

1892-3. 

Observer  
First  seen 

C.  II.  B. 

3-31 

C.  II.  B. 

B.W.  E. 

3-22 

G.  G.  W. 

3-26 

E.M.K. 

3-27 

E.M.K. 

Next  seen 

4-3 

3-25 

4-27 

Common 

4-27 

Last  seen 

11-5 

1-4,  '93 

Rare 

Common 

Year 

1893 

1900 

1902 

1902 

1903 

1903 

Observer  
First  seen  

E.  M.  K. 

3-12 

N.  B.  M. 

4-18 

W.L  M. 

4-9 

W.  L.  M. 

W.L.M. 

3-5 

W.  L.  M. 

Next  seen 

4-26 

4-98 

4-19 

3-6 

Common    .. 

4-7 

Last  seen  .  . 

11  9 

11-7 

Abundance  

Common. 

Not  very 
common. 

Scarce. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

75.  [393]     Dryobates  villosus  (Linn.).     Hairy  Woodpecker.* 

Common  resident:  breeds.  A  less  familiar  bird  than  the  next,  but 
it  is  occasionally  seen  in  the  city.  But  his  contact  with  civilization 
generally  gives  him  a  dingy  color  and  a  ruffled  coat. 

76.  [394]     Dryobates  pubescens    (Linn.).     Southern    Downy   Woodpecker.* 

Fig.  12. 

Common  resident;  breeds.  Possibly  more  common  than  the  last; 
apparently  so  because  of  its  more  confiding  attitude  towards  man.  Nest 
and  one  egg  in  a  rail  April  23,  1903  (C.  G.  L.).  But  the  nest  has  been 
found  with  only  two  eggs  in  it  as  late  as  May  15,  1901. 

77.  [402]     Sphympicus  varius  (Linn.).     Yellow-bellied  Sapsucker.* 
Regularly   a  very   common  migrant;   occasionally   a   common   winter 

resident.  Eight  were  seen  January  21,  1903,  in  a  group  of  cedars  and 
pines  less  than  an  acre  in  area.  It  did  not  winter  in  1901-1902.  B.  W. 
Evermann  gives  it  as  a  rare  resident,  and  W.  S.  Blatchley  says  it  breeds. 
There  are  no  later  dates  in  spring,  however,  than  May  1,  1903  (W.  L.  M.), 
and  May  5,  1885  (C.  H.  B.).  It  was  observed  mating  April  8,  1903  (W. 


88 


L.  M.).  but  it  would  be  an  unusual  occurrence  for  it  to  breed  this  far 
south.  According  to  C.  H.  Bollmann's  schedule  for  1885  the  males 
arrive  and  depart  earlier  than  the  females. 


MIGRATION    EECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

18$». 

1885. 

1836. 

1887. 

Observer  

C.  11.  B. 

C.  II.  B. 

C.  H.  B. 

G.  G.  W. 

G.G.W. 

First  seen 

r?    3-°7 

£>  4-2 

U-15 

3-15 

3-31 

Next  seen 

S-3I 

•    4-3 

ii-24 

3-°5* 

4-1 

Co  nun  'ii 

4  4 

4-4 

9-25 

Last  seen 

4-19 

12-°i»* 

Abu  nd;i  ncc 

Co  '11  in  on. 

Coin  tuoii  . 

Very  common 

Rare. 

*W.  S.  B. 

Ycftr 

1  &>•' 

i  yob 

190.1. 

1902. 

1903 

Ob  !erver 

E  M.  K. 

x  M.  M. 

W   L  M. 

W.  L   M. 

W.  L.  M. 

First  f-een 

4  4. 

4-7 

1-  7 

3-  It 

Next^een 

4-17 

4-10 

2-2 

3-22 

Common  

4-10 

4  7:- 

3-27 

4-12 

Last  seen  

4-23 

5-1 

Ab  jndance   

Common 

Common. 

Common. 

Tolerably 

Common. 

•-  V.  H.B. 

78.      [405a]     Ceophlcem  pileatus   abieticola  Bangs.     Northern  Pileated  Wood- 
pecker. 

Quite  rare  resident;  very  probably  breeds.  Although  it  is  now  re- 
stricted to  the  Avildest  and  least  visited  parts  of  the  county  and  is  present 
there  in  but  small  numbers,  it  must  have  been  tolerably  common  as 
late  as  1885.  Seven  specimens  were  taken  that  year— March  21,  Marcn 
22,  a  male;  March  29,  a  male  and  a  female  (C1.  H.  IV);  two  specimens 
were  taken  along  Bean  Blossom  Creek  in  August  (K.  W.  KM.  and  one 


80 

was  seen  December  24,  by  W.  S.  Blatchley.  It  has  been  seen  or  taken 
several  times  since;  all  the  dates .  follow:  November  3,  1887,  J.  Gra- 
ham; February  13,  1892,  two  seen,  one  of  which,  a  female,  was  taken, 
A.  B.  Ulrey;  one  seen  in  1898  and  one  about  February  7,  1901,  V.  H. 
Barnett;  two  seen  and  one,  a  male,  taken  January  20,  1903,  by  Mr. 
Whitaker.  The  last  specimen  was  winged  and  brought  in  alive.  It 
hammered  to  pieces  the  pine  box  used  for  a  cage  and  escaped  into 
the  streets.  After  several  adventures  it  was  with  difficulty  recaptured 
and  placed  in  a  wire  cage  at  the  University.  He  tried  to  shatter  this, 
too,  but  of  course  was  unsuccessful.  His  accuracy  was  shown  by  his 
rein  jstrdly  packing  a  wire,  not  more  than  one-sixteenth  of  an  inch 
in  diameter,  which  he  hit  squarely  every  time.  He  lived  about  three 
days  in  captivity.  Two  of  these  noble  birds  were  also  seen  on  May  17, 
1 '.:.:-!-.  In  a  steady  majestic  flight  they  winged  their  way  across  some 
fields  and  a  highway  that  lay  between  two  dense  forests,  their  favorite 
retreats. 
79.  [406]  Mdanerpes  erythrocephalus  (lArm.),  Red-headed  Woodpecker.* 

Abundant  summer  resident;  not  uncommon  winter  resident.  All  of 
the  Redheads  sometimes  migrate  in  the  fall,  and  leave  us  no  winter 
residents.  Such  was  the  case  in  the  years  1892  and  1903.  The  autumn 
of  the  latter  year  was  noticeable  for  the  very  scanty  production  of 
beechnuts  and  acorns.  In  1893  after  their  winter's  absence  they  were 
first  seen  April  19  and  became  abundant  April  28  and  29  (E.  M.  K.). 
For  three  years  prior  to  1903  the  Redhead  was  a  very  common  winter 
resident,  in  fact,  the  most  common  and  most  equally  distributed  winter 
bird.  It  became  common  each  year  from  the  middle  of  February  to  the 
1st  of  March. 

The  mating  call  was  heard  as  early  as  February  15,  1903.  The 
nest  and  five  eggs  were  found  May  29,  1903  (C.  G.  L.). 

Redheaded  Woodpeckers  are  very  quarrelsome,  and  are  continually 
'driving  other  birds  from  their  favorite  trees.  Their  attentions  seem 
especially  directed  against  their  little  cousin,  the  Downy,  although  Jun- 
cos,  Tufted  Titmice  and  Nuthatches  are  not  slighted.  They  have  been 
observed  to  come  to  the  ground  to  attack  a  Tufted  Titmouse.  They 
are  capable  of  making  as  large  an  animal  as  the  Fox  Squirrel  beat 
a  hasty  retreat.  Sparrow  Hawks,  too,  are  put  to  flight,  but  the  Red- 
headed tyrant  often  finds  his  master  in  the  English  Sparrow. 


90 


There  is  nothing  in  the  Redhead  to  suggest  the  flycatcher,  but  he 
really  is  an  expert  in  that  line.  A  flash  of  color  often  attracts  your 
eye  to  a  nearby  treetop,  and  you  see  that  it  is  the  Redhead,  who 
is  diminishing  the  insect  population.  In  one  or  two  or  thrae  swoops, 
as  gracefully  as  Myiarchus  himself,  he  obtains  his  luncheon. 

80.  [409]     Centurus  carol inus  (Linn. ).     Red- bellied  Woodpecker.* 
Common    summer    resident;    less    common    winter    resident.      An    in- 
crease  in   number   is   noticeable   about  the  middle   of   March.     Common 
April   8,   1903. 

A  very  garrulous  bird;  a  single  individual  often  fills  the  woods  with 
a  din  of  his  varied  cries;  stimulation  and  excitement  are  not  needed  to 
provoke  a  demonstration  but  he  seems  to  do  it  for  the  pure  love  of  making 
a  racket. 

81.  [412a]     Colnptes  nurntus  luteus  Bangs.     Northern  Flicker.*    Fig.  13. 
Abundant  summer  resident  and  very  common  winter  resident.     Be- 
comes  abundant   in   March.      Mating   call   heard    as   early    as    February 
15,  1903,  and  as  late  as  November  20,  1902.     A  nest  and  two  eggs  were 
found  in  an  apple  tree  April  22,  1903  (C.  G.  L.). 

82.  [417]     A)tti-ostomus  vociferm  (Wils.).     Whip-poor-will.* 

Rather  common  summer  resident,  but  on  account  of  its  peculiar 
habits  not  commou'v  observed. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1886. 

1892. 

1893. 

1899. 

1903. 

Observer  

C.H.B. 

W.  S.  B. 

E.M.  K. 

E.  M.  K. 

N.  B.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

First  seen  

5-17 

4-21 

5-7 

4-29 

4-?5 

4-29 

Next  seen  

5-22 

•1-23* 

5-13 

5-3 

4-30 

5-27 

Last  seen 

Abundance 

Common 

Not  common 

Com  ID  on. 

*C.  II.  13. 

91 


83.     [420J     Chordeiles  virginianus  (Gmel. ).     Night  Hawk.* 

Common  summer  resident.     (C.  H.  tf.)     April  28  to  Sept.  21.     Abun- 
dant migrant,   especially  in  fall. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year 

1885 

1885 

1886 

1892 

1893 

Observer  
First  seen.        .         .... 

C.  II.  B. 
5-Ki 

C.  II.  B. 

G.  G.  W. 

5-6 

E.  M.  K. 

5-6 

E.M.K. 

5-10 

Next  seen  
Common  

5-17 

5-22 

5-13 
5-13 

5-12 

Last  seen  

9-21 

Abundance 

Common^ 

Year     .               

1899. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer  

N.  B.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

First  seen 

5-14 

5-9Q 

4-28 

Next  seen 

5-26 

5-93 

Common  .   . 

Last  seen  

9-13 

Abundance  

Common 

Common 

Abundant 

84.     [423]     Chsstum  pelagica  (Linn. ).     Chimney  Swift.* 

Abundant  summer  resident.  April  4  to  October  14.  April  4,  1892 
(E.  M.  K.)  is  as  early  as  it  has  been  reported  from  the  State,  while 
October  14,  1902,  is  the  latest  date  for  the  State.  On  the  latter  date 
one  was  found  clinging  to  a  maple  tree  in  the  campus.  It  was  quite 
numb  and  offered  no  resistance  when  picked  up.  It  quickly  recovered 
its  vitality  in  a  warm  room,  however,  The  outside  temperature  was  64°. 

Nestbuilding  April  "A(,  1903.  Nest  and  five  eggs  found  June  5,. 
19G3  (C.  G.  L.)  in  a  1-irge  chimney  about  six  feet  from  the  top. 


02 


MIGRATION    EECORD. 


Year 

1885 

1885. 

18£6 

1892 

1893 

Observer 

C.  H.  B. 

C.H  B. 

B.  W.  E 

E.  M.K. 

E.  M.  K. 

First  seen      ..  .              

4-6 

4-11 

44 

4-7 

Nextseen  

4-7 

4-14* 

4-17 

4-8 

4-17 

Last  seen  

10-13 

Abundance  

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

Common. 

Common. 

*G.G.W. 

Year 

1899 

1902 

1902 

1903. 

Observer 

N  B  M 

W  L  M 

W.  L.  M. 

W.L.  M. 

First  seen 

4-19 

4-15 

4-8 

Next  seen 

4-20 

4-18 

4-9 

Common                                                    ,.  . 

4-26 

4-15 

4-10 

Last  seen 

10-14 

Abundance                               ..                 ... 

Common. 

Abundant. 

Abundant 

Abundant. 

S5.     [428]     Trochilus  colubris  Linn.     Ruby- throated  Hummingbird.* 

Common  summer  resident.  April  29  to  September  26.  The  males 
migrate  about  a  week  ahead  of  the  females.  Nest  and  two  eggs  May 
15,  1902. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year    

1882. 

1885. 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1892. 

Observer  
First  seen 

B.W.E. 
5-13 

C.  H.  B. 

cT4-29 

C.  H.B. 

£5-8 

C.  H.B. 

G.  G.  W. 
4-29 

E.  M.  K. 

4  29 

Next  seen 

4-30 

5-9 

4-30* 

Common 

5-13 

Last  seen. 

9-14 

Abundance  

Common. 

Abundant 

Abundant 

Abundant 

Not  very 

:C.  H.  B. 

co.uinon. 

Year      .                  

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

N.  B.  M. 

W.  L  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

5-5 

5-4 

5-5 

5-8 

5-7 

5-6 

5-10 

5-15 

9-26 

Abundance  •  

Common. 

Common. 

Moderately 

Common. 

common. 

-86.     [444]     Tyrannus  tymnnus  (Linn.).     Kingbird.*    Fig.  14. 

Common  summer  resident.  April  13  to  September  5.  Mating  April 
29,  1903.  Nest  and  four  eggs  on  the  topmost  limb  of  an  apple  tree, 
May  28/11)03  (C.  G.  L.). 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year                              .... 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1892. 

Observer  

C.H.B. 

4-17 

C.  H.  B. 

W.  S.  B. 
4-13 

G.  G.W. 
4-24 

E.M.K. 

4-18 

Nextscen  
Common 

4-20 
4-23 



4-14* 
4-15f 

4-27 
4-27 

Last  seen                                 .       .  . 

9-5 

Abundance 

Abundant 

Abundant 

Common. 

Common. 

*G.  G.W. 
tC.H.B. 

Year  

1893 

1900 

1901. 

1903. 

Observer  
First  seen 

E.M.K. 

4-16 

N.B.  M. 
4-23 

W.L.M. 
4-30 

W.L.M. 
4-19 

Next  seen 

4-26 

4-28 

5-4 

4-29 

Common 

5-6 

4-29 

Last  seen 

Abundance           ...            ....                      

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

87.     [452]     Myiarchu.8  crinitus  (Linn. ).     Crested  Flycatcher. * 

Common  summer  resident.  April  18  to  September  7.  Nestbuilding- 
May  14,  1901;  six  eggs  May  27.  In  1902  a  nest  and  5  eggs  were  found 
May  21;  the  eggs  were  hatched  June  2  and  the  young  birds  had  flown 
June  11  (Gertrude  Hitze).  Another  nest  with  six  young  about  ready 
to  leave  wTas  found  June  12.  It  wras  in  a  hollow  apple  tree  about  6V2 
feet  up  (C.  G.  L.). 

Later  in  the  season,  in  August  and  September,  these  birds  may  be 
seen  trooping  around  with  a  brood  of  lusty  youngsters  almost  as  large 
as  themselves.  These  little  family  groups  are  pleasing  objects  in  the 
sultry  brightness  of  an  open  grove  or  beside  the  dimly  lighted  paths 
of  the  forest.  Myiarchus  here,  as  at  all  places  and  all  times,  seems 
to  fit  into  his  surroundings  perfectly.  Everywhere  he  is  full  of  un- 
conscious dignity  and  is  perfectly  at  home. 


MIGRATION    EECORD. 


Year 

1*85 

188i 

1886 

1887 

1802 

18(j3 

Observer  

O.H  B. 

C  IT.  U. 

G   11.  B 

G.  G.  W. 

E.M.K. 

E.  M.K. 

First  seen  

4-21 

4-23 

4-25 

4-24 

4-18 

Next  seen   

. 

Common 

4-?2 

4-°5 

4-24 

4-27 
4-27 

4-2o 

Last  seen 

9-7 

Abundance  

Abundant. 

Very  common 

Common 

Very  common 

Common, 

Year   

1899. 

1900. 

1901. 

19  2. 

1903. 

Observer  
First  seen  
Next  seen 

N.B  M. 

4-22 
4-28 

N.B  M. 

5  6 
5-7 

W.  L.  M. 

5-6 
5-7 

W.  L.  M. 
4-27 

4  °8 

W.  L.M. 

4-28 
4-29 

Common 

5-3 

5-8 

5-9 

4_->7 

4-29 

Last  seen 

Abundance 

Common 

Common 

Com  mon 

Common. 

Common. 

88.      [456]     Sayornis  phcebe  (Lath. ).     Phcebe.*    Fig.  15. 

Common   summer  resident.     March  1  to   October  17.     An   early  mi- 
grant and  an   early  breeder.      1>.    W.   Evermann   gives   the   date   March 


95 


1,  but  does  not  give  the  year,  although  it  is  probably  1887.  E.  M. 
Kindle  saw  it  March  2,  1893.  They  are  found  first  at  the  nesting 
places:  March  17,  1901,  a  pair  was  seen  at  a  quarry;  March  14,  11)02, 
one  was  seen  at  a  bridge  near  a  pond  and  on  the  first  date  in  1903, 
March  12,  they  were  common  at  the  caves;  eleven  were  seen  about 
the  mouths  of  three  caves.  Nestbuilding  March  22,  1902.  Nest  com- 
plete April  2,  1903.  April  12,  1903,  a  nest  and  five  eggs  were  found 
under  a  bridge  (C.  G.  L.).  Well-grown  young  have  been  seen  May  6, 
1899  (X.  B.  M.),  and  May  7,  1901. 

The  Phoebe  seems  to  be  better  pleased  if  a  suitable  nesting  site 
can  be  found  near  the  dwellings  of  man.  There  he  lives  out  his  quiet 
and  beneficial  career,  an  unobtrusive  yet  confiding  bird. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1881. 

18S5 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1892. 

Observer  
First  seen 

C.H.  E. 

3-18 

C.H.B. 

3-21 

C.  H.  B. 

W.  S.  B. 
3-10 

G.  G.  W. 

3-20 

V.  II.  B. 

3-25 

Next  seen  

3-22 
3-31 



3-14* 
3-161 

3-26* 
3-29 

10-17 

Abundance  

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

Common. 

Common. 

••'B.W.E. 
tG.  G.W. 

*E.M.K. 

Year  

1893. 

1899. 

1901. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

Obcerver 

E.  M.K. 

N.  B.  M. 

W.  L  M. 

W.L.  M. 

W.L.M. 

W.  L.  M. 

3-2 

4-13 

3-17 

3-14 

3-6 

3-ln 

5-14 

3-24 

3-1  6 

3-12 

:'-!<) 

3-27 

3-12 

Last  seen  
Abundance  

Common 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

10-12 
Common. 

Common 

96 

89.  [459]     Nutta llornis  borealis  (Swains. ).     Olive-sided  Flycatcher. 

Rare  transient.  April  30,  1885  (C.  H.  B.).  The  only  other  record 
for  the  southern  part  of  the  State  is  that  of  May  12,  1885,  Wheatland, 
Knox  County  (Robert  Ridgway).  Do  these  dates  indicate  an  accidental 
deviation  from  the  ordinary  migration  route  in  that  one  year? 

90.  [461]     Contopus  virens  (Limi.).     Wood  Pewee.* 

Very  common  summer  resident.  April  26  to  October  5.  Has  been 
reported  much  earlier,  as  for  instance:  April  15,  1899,  and  April  7,  1900 
(N.  B.  M.),  but  these  records  are  probably  due  to  wrong  identification. 
The  most  common  Flycatcher. 


MIGBATION    RECORD. 


Year 

1885 

1835 

1886 

1892 

1893 

Observer            .             ... 

C  II  B 

C.  H  B. 

C  H  B 

E  M.  K. 

E  M  K. 

First  seen    ...             ..        

5-3 

4-26 

5-18 

5-6 

Next  seen      

5-5 

4-27 

Common.     ..             

5-16 

4-28* 

Last  seen  
Abundance   

Abundant 

10-3 
Abundant 

Common. 

Common. 



•B.  W.  E. 

Year        

1900. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer  

N.B.  M. 

W.L.M 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

First  seen    

5-2 

4-27 

4-28 

Next  seen  

5-8 

5-10 

Common  

5-8 

5-10 

Last  "een 

10-5 

Abundance 

Common. 

91.     [463]     Empidonax  flaviventris  Baird.     Yellow-bellied  Flycatcher. 

Rather  common  migrant.  April  17  to  August  29.  These  dates  rep- 
resent the  extremes  of  arrival  and  departure  for  the  State  as  well 
as  for  the  county. 


07 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1892. 

1903. 

Observer                 .  .                  ... 

C  H.  B 

C  H.  B 

W.S.  B 

ABU 

W  L  M 

First  seen  

4-28 

8-26 

4-17 

5-7 

4-28 

Next  seen  

5-1 

8-27 

4-29 

Common 

Last  seen 

5-19 

8-29 

Abundance        .........        

Common 

Common. 

92.     [465]     Empidonax  rirescens  (Vieill.).     Green-crested  Flycatcher.* 

Common  summer  resident.  April  15  to  September  18.  Considered 
abundant  by  C.  H.  Bollmann  and  B.  W.  Evermann  in  1886  and  1887. 
There  are  four  nests,  two  with  eggs,  in  the  University  collection. 

MIGRATION   EECORD. 


Year           ..               

1885. 

1885 

1886 

1887 

Observer  

C.H.B. 

C.  H.  B. 

B.  W  E 

B  W   E 

First  seen  

5-14 

4-27 

4-15 

Next  seen 

5-15 

5-1* 

Common 

5-16 

5-4f 

Last  seen 

9-18 

Abundance        

Abundant 

Abundant 

Abundant 

*C.  H.  B. 
tW.S.  B. 

Year  

1892 

1900 

1903 

Observer  
First  seen  

A.B.U. 

5-7 

N.B.  M. 

5-2 

VV.L.  M. 

Next  seen  

5-7 

Common  

5-8 

6-9 

Last  seen  

Abundance  

93.     [466]     Empidonax  tmillii  (And.).     Traill's  Flycatcher. 

"In  Monroe  County,  Prof.  Evermaim  found  it  an  uncommon  summer 
resident"  (Butler). 

7-A.  OF  SCIENCE,  '04. 


98 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year 

: 
1885 

1885 

Observer 

C.  H.  B 

C  H  B 

First  seen  .      .                 ...         

5-14 

Next  seen  

5-15 

Last  seen  
Abundance  

Not  rare. 

8-27 
NcTt  common 

94.     [467]     Efiii/idinia.r  minrnmx  Baird.     Least  Flycatcher.* 

Common  migrant.  April  21  to  May  19.  September  12  to  18.  It 
has  l>een  reported  by  two  observers  as  !i  summer  resident  (B.  W.  E. 
and  N.  B.  M.).  but  these  records  are  probably  wrong.  The  bulk  of 
the  species  departed  May  13,  '85  (C.  H.  B.). 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1885. 

1892. 

1899. 

1901. 

1903. 

Observer  •  
First  seen  
Next  seen 

C.  H.  B. 

4-21 
4-23 

C.  H.  B. 

9-12 
9-13 

E.  M.  K. 

5-3 

5-7* 

N.B.M. 

5-5 

W.  L.  M. 

4-23 

W.  L.  M. 

4-29 
4-30 

Com  tn  on 

4-30 

9-15 

Last  seen 

5-19 

9-18 

5-13 

Abundance 

Common 

Common. 

Common. 

*A.  B.  U. 

95.      [474b]     OtiM'oris  aliteKtm  jn-aticnla  Hensh.     Prairie  Horned  Lark.* 

Common  resident;  more  abundant  in  winter  and  during  the  migra- 
tions. They  became  common  March  20.  190:5.  Many  notes  are  given 
under  the  name  Otocorls  alpextriy,  but  this  is  probably  due  to  faulty 
nomenclature;  all  such  notes  were  considered  as  referring  to  the  sub- 
species, although  it  is  not  improbable  that  ().  alpestris  will  be  fount* 
here  in  winter. 

March  25,  1902.  The  Horned  Larks  were  singing  continually,  and 
one  of  them  was  observed  in  his  aerial  evolutions.  About  dusk  one 
began:  singing  all  the  time,  flitting  upward  a  little  way,  then  poised 


99 

on  stretched  and  quivering  wing,  then  up  again  and  poising,  until  lie 
was  nearly  out  of  sight.  The  climax  was  a  straight,  swift  dive,  with 
wings  closed,  toward  the  earth.  He  did  not  open  his  wings  until  he 
was  within  a  few  feet  of  the  ground,  when  he  settled  lightly  down 
and  went  quietly  to  feeding  as  if  nothing  had  happened.  Four  young 
were  seen  just  ready  to  leave  the  nest  May  10,  1903.  G.  G.  Williamson 
obtained  an  adult  female  and  a  young  male  May  29,  188(3. 
96.  [477]  Ci/nnocittu  cwfafr/  ( Linn. ).  Blue  Jay.*  Fig.  16. 

Abundant  resident;  sometimes  less  numerous  in  winter. 

Jays  were  nearly  all  mated  March  8,  1903,  and  a  pair  was  observed 
mating  February  1(>.  1901.  This  pair  began  a  nest  but  abandoned  it 
when  about  one-fourth  completed,  February  22.  N.  B.  Myers  observed 
them  nestbuilding  March  3,  1899.  More  usual  dates  are:  Nestbuilding, 
March  17,  '03;  March  22,  '02,  a  half-completed  nest  was  found:  nest 
completed  March  20,  1902,  and  1903;  three  pairs  nestbuilding  April  1, 
'01;  nests  with  three  eggs  were  found  April  15  and  17,  1903  (W.  L.  M.). 
The  former  was  between  two  rafters  in  a  corncrib  and  was  built  partly 
of  mud  (C.  G.  L.).  A  Blue  Jay  was  seen  sitting  on  unhatched  eggs  May 
16,  1903. 

"As  spring  approaches  they  become  very  vocal,  uttering  many  calls, 
some  very  pretty  notes,  varying  from  loud  to  low.  Evidently  some 
of  the  latter  are  intended  solely  for  one  female  to  hear.  *  *  *  With 
us  the  season  of  song  begins  early  in  March  *  *  *  as  early  as  March 
8.  *  *  *  With  it  comes  pairing  time,  which  I  have  known  them  to 
continue  until  April  25"  (A.  AY.  Butler).  As  is  above  stated  the  Blue 
Jay  has  a  great  number  of  calls,  many  of  which  are  principally  used 
during  the  mating  season.  But  the  writer  has  never  heard  a  Jay  give 
a  call  during  that  season  that  has  not  been  heard  during  every  other 
month  from  September  to  June  at  some  time  during  the  past  four  years. 
Careful  observations  and  a  separate  series  of  notes  have  been  made  with 
the  above  conclusion  as  a  result. 

On  April  2,8  and  29.  1!)!U.  at  a  time  of  very  abundant  nocturnal 
migration,  many  Jays  were  seen  migrating  by  day.  They  Hew  steadily 
and  unite  high  (about  200  ft.),  in  a  northeast  direction.  The  flight 
of  the  29th  was  exactly  similar  to  that  of  the  28th:  no  Jays  were 
even  200  yards  from  the  path.  Whether  the  flight  kept  up  all  night 
is  a  question.  Following  are  a  few  groups  observed  on  each  day  and  the 
approximate  time  elapsing  between  their  passage  of  a  given  point:  April 


100 


28—12;  immediately,  3;  1  miriute,  8;  4  minutes,  8;  15  minutes,  11. 
April  29—3;  2  minutes,  9;  1  minute,  2;  etc.  The  woods  below  were 
furnished  with  their  usual  numbers  of  noisy  Jays;  but  neither  migrants 
nor  residents  seemed  to  be  influenced  by  the  presence  of  the  other. 

97.  [488]     Corvus  brachyrhynchos  C.  L.  Brehm.     Common  Crow.* 

The  crow  is  quite  common  in  Monroe  County,  but  the  numbers  in 
which  it  occurs  seem  insignificant  to  one  accustomed  to  enormous  roosts. 
Crows  are  very  rarely  seen  in  flocks  of  as  many  as  one  hundred  individ- 
uals. About  1886  there  was  quite  an  extensive  roost  in  Turner's  (Cedar) 
Grove  (W.  S.  B.),  but  at  the  present  time  there  is  no  roost  of  any  size  in 
the  county. 

The  nest  has  been  noted  by  B.  W.  Evermann  as  early  as  March  20. 
A  half-finished  nest  was  seen  April  4,  1903  (C.  G.  L.).  Two  nests,  one 
with  eggs  were  found  April  20,  1902  (W.  L.  M.),  and  a  nest  with  5 
young  was  found  about  fifty  feet  from  the  ground  in  a  beech,  April  2G, 
1903  (C.  G.  L.). 

98.  [494]     Dolichonyx  oryzivorus  (Linn. ).     Bobolink.* 

Common  migrant,  usually  appearing  during  the  first  week  of  May, 
although  it  has  been  observed  on  April  17,  1885  (C.  H.  B.)  and  1893 
(E.  M.  K.).  It  may  be  observed  until  a  month  later;  May,  17  (C.  H.  B., 
'85).  August  29  to  September  1.  The  males  arrive  and  depart  earlier 
than  the  females;  males  were  seen  from  April  17  to  May  5  and  females 
from  May  2  to  17,  1885  (C.  H.  B.). 

On  a  rainy  morning  in  May  (5-3-'03)  a  Bobolink  was  found  in  an 
apple  tree  in  town,  singing  with  all  the  vivacity  of  mid-June.  This  is  the 
first  time  I  have  heard  it  sing  during  migration. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1882. 

1883. 

1885. 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

Observer  

B.  W.  E. 

B.  W.  E. 

C.  H.  B. 

C.  H.B. 

C.  H.B. 

Bicknell. 

First  seen  

5-6 

5-6 

cf  4-17 

f   5-2 

8-29 

5-3 

Next  seen  

5-2 

5-4 

9-1 

5-4* 

Common 

5-6 

5-5t 

Last  seen 

5-5 

5-17 

Abundance 

Ratherrare 

Common 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

C.  H.  B. 

tG.  G.W. 

101 


Year 

1887 

1888. 

1893 

1901 

1902. 

1903 

Observer  
First  seen  
Next  seen  

G.  G.  W. 

5-1 
5-4 

Butler. 
5-6 

E.M.  K. 

4-17 
5-6 

W.  L.  M. 

5-6 
5-10 

W.  L.  M. 

5-5 

W.  L.  M. 

5-2 
5-3 

Common 

5-13 

5-10 

5-14 

Last  seen  .  .   . 

5-13 

5-14 

Abundance    

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common 

99.     [495]     Molothrus  ater  (Bodd.).     Cowbird.* 

Abundant  summer  resident.  March  7  to  October  17.  Eggs  found  as 
early  as  April  22  ('86  B.  W.  E.).  The  Cardinal  and  Indigo  Bunting  seem 
to  be  the  coerced  foster-parents  more  often  than  other  birds  of  this 
region. 


MIGRATION   EECORD. 


Year  

1884. 

1885. 

1885. 

x   1886. 

1887. 

1892. 

1893. 

Observer  

C.H.E. 

C.  H.  B. 

C.H.  B. 

B.W.E. 

G.G.  W. 

E.M.K. 

E.M.K. 

First  seen 

3-23 

4-8 

3-7 

3-23 

3-25 

3-11 

Next  seen  .... 

4-9 

3-14 

4-9 

3-19 

Common.   .  . 

4-12 

4-27 

Last  seen  

10-17 

Abundance  

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

Common 

Common 

Common 

Year  

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1902 

1903 

Observer  
First  seen  

N.B.M. 

4-15 

N.  B.  M. 

4-7 

V.H.  B. 

3-23 

W.L.  M. 
3-14 

W.  L.M. 

W.  L.  M. 
3-17 

Next  seen  

4-17 

4-12 

3-25* 

3-25 

3-21 

Common  

4-27 

4-28 

4-9 

3-21 

Last  seen 

9  1 

Abundance  

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 
W.  L.  M. 

Abundant. 

Abundant 

Abundant. 

102 


100.      [498]     Ayelaius  pha'nicen$  (IAm\, ).     Red-winged  Blackbird.* 

Abundant  migrant  and  common  summer  resident.  March  4  to  Novem- 
ber 16.  There  are  two  nests  each  containing  two  eggs  in  the  University 
collection  taken  by  C.  H.  Bollman,  1885.  A  bird  with  striking  dress  and 
musical  call,  as  often  observed  remote  from  as  near  bodies  of  water  dur- 
ing the  migrations. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year 

1885 

188n 

1£86 

1837.                1892. 

1893. 

Observer  
First  seen  

C.  II.  B. 

3-11 

C.  H.  B. 

B.  W.  E. 

3-4 

G.G.  W.        E.  M.  K. 

4-2                  3-26 

E.  M.  K. 

4-26 

Next  seen 

3-14 

3-7 

!         4-2* 

Common    

3-16 

4-12 

Last  seen 

11-16 

Abundance  

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

Not  common 

Not  common 
A.B.  U. 

Not  very 
common. 

Year  

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1902.              1903. 

1903. 

Observer  
First  seen  
Next  seen  
Common  

N.  B.  M. 
3-11 
3-22 
3-23 

W.  L.  M. 

3-17 
3-24 
5-1 

W.  L.  M. 

3-4 
3-9 
3-10 

Abundant. 

W.L.  M. 

11-4 
Abundant. 

W.  L.  M. 

3-5 
3-6 
3-7 

Abundant. 

W.  L.  M. 

11-7 
Abundant. 

Last  seen  
Abundance  

Not  very 
common. 

Abundant. 

101.      [501]     Sturnctta  mac/na  (Linn. ).     Meadowlark.*    Fig.  17. 

The  Meadowlark  is  an  abundant  summer  resident  and  not  uncommon 
winter  resident.  It  becomes  abundant  at  some  time  from  January  to 
March:  •January  21,  1903  to  March  10,  1899  (N.  B.  M.). 

They  have  been  observed  gregarious  and  with  no  tendency  to  pairing- 
March  31,  and  mated  April  7  in  the  same  year.  The  nest  with  full  com- 
plement of  eggs  was  found  May  1,  '03  (C.  G.  L.);  May  7,  '01;  and  four 
young  and  an  egg  were  found  May  10,  '01.  They  seem  to  be  careless 
sometimes  in  regard  to  the  disposal  of  the  eggs.  A  nest  with  four 
young  was  found  May  27,  '01  (W.  I,.  H.):  two  days  later  the  young 


103 

were  all  there,  still  covered  with  down,  but  when  the  nest  was  disturbed, 
two  eggs  rolled  out  of  the  feathers  about  the  nest. 

"I  have  known  them  in  full  song  March  8.  *  *  *  After  the  harvest 
is  over  and  the  young  are  able  to  take  care  of  themselves,  most  of  the 
Meadowlarks  seek  choice  spots,  and  but  seldom  are  their  songs  heard" 
(Butler).  Butler  also  mentions  hearing  their  song  in  September  and 
November.  The  writer  has  heard  them  singing  every  hionth  in  the  year, 
nine  of  which  are  spent  in  this  region.  Following  rtre  soirie  dates  for 
Bloomington:  0-28:  10-12;  11-8;  12-18,  '02;  1-24;  2-26;  3-2;  4-8;  5-1;  6-9,  '03. 

The  Meadowlark  is  another  bird  which  migrates  considerably  by  day. 
The  immense,  noisy  flocks  of  February  and  March  are  always  on  the 
move.  Fifty  of  these  birds  were  seen  as  early  as  January  21,  1903,  flying 
over  due  north  at  a  height  which  made  it  necessary  to  use  a  powerful 
h'eld-glass  to  identify  them. 

This  species,  as  well  as;  most  of  the  members  of  tile  family  Icteridae,  is 
noted  for  its  gregarious  habits.  That  the  different  species  should  show 
such  habits  inttr  *'.  as  do  the  swallows,  is  a  more  remarkable  thing. 
That  this  seems  to  be  the  case  is  the  only  logical  conclusion  to  be  drawn 
from  a  study  of  local  migration  schedules.  For  instance,  for  a  few  days 
previous  to  March  21,  1903,  Meadowlarks  and  Grackles,  both  resident 
species  were  the  only  Icterldw  seen.  On  the  21st,  however,  these  species 
became  augumented  in  numbers  while  Rusty  Grackles,  Redwings  and 
Cowbirds,  not  seen  for  several  days  before,  again  made  their  appearance 
in  considerable  nuinbers.  This  family  migration  is  to  be  observed  in  the 
Ictn-idcn  at  the  time  the  species  become  abundant  and  not  at  their  first, 
arrival.  The1  Orioles  move  together  in  the  same  way  and  become  numer- 
ous at  about  the  same  time. 
102.  [506]  Icti'i'u*  xjitJD-iti*  CLinii. ).  Orchard  Oriole.* 

Common  summer  resident,  abundant  and  conspicuous  during  the 
spring  migration.  April  17  to  August  29.  These  dates  are  edch  one  day 
earlier  than  the  recorded  limits  of  its  stay  in  the  State.  Six  years  out  of 
ten,  this  species  arrived  before  the  Baltimore  Oriole.  This  is  a  somewhat 
different  proportion  than  the  two  out  of  fifteen  obtained  by  A.  W.  Butler. 
The  difference  may  be  explained  by  a  change  in  habit,  as  the  dates  of 
arrival  of  the  Orchard  Oriole  before  that  of  its  relative  are  all  included 
in  the  last  seven  years  in  which  observations  have  been  made  at  this 
point.  This  change  in  date  of  arrival  is  probably  correlated  with  the 


104 


steady  increase  in  numbers  in  this  species  and  decrease  in  the  next  (vide 
Butler,  Birds  of  Ind.;  p.  899).., 

The  first  song  was  heard  April  28,  1903,  and  males  in  the  second  year 
plumage  were  seen  singing  April  29  and  May  10,  1903.  The  Orchard 
Oriole  is  an  abundant  breeder  here;  the  nest  and  complement  of  eggs 
have  been  found  May  17,  1901. 


MIGRATION  RECORD. 


Year 

1885 

1885 

1886 

1886 

1887               1892 

Observer  
First  seen 

C.H.B. 
4-21 

C.H.B. 

C.H.B. 
4-22 

G.  G.  W. 

G.G.W.      E.  M.K. 

4-24        !  -    4-96 

Next  seen      ..... 

4-22 

4-23* 

4*27            - 

Common     .  .  .  * 

4-28 

Last  seen 

8-29 

8-14 

Abundance  

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

Common. 

j 

*G.  G.  \\. 

1     ''  " 

Year  

1893 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

Observer  
First  seen  
Next  seen  

E.M.K. 
4-17 

N.  B.  M. 

4-22 

4-27 

N.B.M. 
4-24 

4-25 

W.  L.  M. 

4-28 
4-29 

W.L.  M. 

4-28 
4-30 

W.  L.  M. 
4-24 

4-28 

4-29 

5-3 

5-4 

4-28 

Last  seen  

Abundance  



Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

103.     [507]     Icterus galbula  (Linn.).     Baltimore  Oriole.* 
A  rather  abundant  migrant  and  moderately  common  summer  resident. 

April  18  to  September  2.  C.  H.  Bollman  in  1886  and  B.  W.  Evermann  in 
1887  indicated  in  their  lists  that  this  species  was  more  abundant  than  the 
last.  The  reverse  is  the  case  now.  A  quite  regular  migrant  but  it  has 
arrived  on  the  average  about  a  week  later  since  1890  than  it  did  during 
the  eighties.  Not  nearly  so  common  a  summer  resident  as  the  last.  Song 
April  28,  1903.  June  8,  1903  nest  found  hanging  in  an  inaccessible  posi- 
tion, on  the  end  of  an  elm  limb  about  80  feet  from  the  ground.  The  bird 
was  incubating  I  believe  (C.  G.  L.). 


105 


MIGBATION   RECORD. 


Year         

1884. 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1892. 

Observer  
First  seen 

B.W.E. 

4-20 

C.H.B. 

4-20 

C.H.B. 

C.H.B. 

4-20 

B.  W.  E. 

4-20 

E.M.K. 

4-28 

Next  seen  

4-21 
4-24 

4-22 
4-24* 

4-27* 

5-7 

9-2 

Common 

Abundant 

Abundant 

Common. 

Rare. 

'B.W.E. 

*G.G.W. 

Year 

1893. 

1899. 

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer  
First  seen  
Next  seen  

E.  M.  K. 
4-24 
4-25 

N.B.  M. 

4-26 
4-27 
4-28 

N.B.M. 

4-18 
4-19 
4-21 

W.  L.  M. 

5-6 
5-7 
5-15 

W.L.M. 

4-29 
5-3 

W.L.M. 

4-28 
4-29 
4-29 

Last  Been 

Abundance  

Rare. 

Common. 

Common. 

Mrf)der'tely 

Moder'tely 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

104.     [509]     Euphagus  carolinw  (Mull. ).     Rusty  Blackbird.* 

Rather  common  migrant.     March  8  to  May  16.     November  15  to  21. 


MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Year. 

isa5. 

1885. 

1886. 

1901. 

1902 

1903 

Observer  
First  seen  

C.H.B. 

3-14 

C.H.B. 
11-15 

B.W.E. 

3-14 

G.Hubbard 

3-17 

W.L.M. 
3-16 

W.L.M. 

3-8 

Next  seen 

3-17 

11-16 

3-25 

3-17 

Common 

3-18 

Last  seen 

4-12 

11-21 

4-19 

5-16 

Abundance  

Abundant. 

Common. 

Rare. 

Tolerably 
Common. 

Tolerably 
Common. 

106 

105.  [5llb]      Quwalw  (juiwnla 'tcneti*  (Ridgw.  ).     Bronzed  Grackle.* 
Abundant  summer  resident  and  uncommon  winter  resident.     Follow- 
ing are  the  numbers  seen  at  some  winter  dates:     2,  12-30-'84  (C.  H.  B.), 
l-ll-'85  (C.  H.  B.);  1  taken,  l-4-'86  (G.  G.  W.);  and  24,  1-17-1903.     Of  the 
last  flock,   15  were  females,   and  9  were   males;   there   were   also  more 
females  than  males  in  a  flock  of  30  seen  November  30,  1902.    On  the  other 
hand  the  first  migrants  in  spring  are  all  great,  splendid  males  in  full  song. 
Twenty-six  seen  February  20,  1903.     For  a  period  after  the  beginning  of 
migration  the  females  are  absent.     They  were  not  seen  until  March  8, 
1901;  March  23.  1902.    Crackles  become  abundant  during  the  first  week  of 
March. 

A  half^finislied  nest  was  found  April  4  and  a  nest  with  three  young 
was  found  May  13,  1903,  in  a  pine,  about  50  feet  from  the  ground 
(C.  G.  I,.). 

Grackles  roost  in  great  numbers  in  the  shade-trees  of  Bloomington 
and  in  early  spring  and  in  fall  many  Robins  roost  in  the  same  places. 
The  calls  of  the  Grackle,  both  the  chuck  and  the  metallic  notes  may  be 
heard  at  intervals  after  dark.  I  have  heard  them  as  late  as  11  p.  m.  and 
as  early  as  3  a.  m.  and  would  not  b^  surprised  to  learn  that  they  are  con- 
tinued throughout  the  night. 

106.  [514]     Hespenphojia  vespcrtina  ( Coop. ) .     Evening  Grosbeak*. 

Very  irregular  and  rare  visitor.  Seen  only  in  January  and  April,  1887. 
Mr.  C.  H.  Bollman  took  a  male  on  the  University  campus,  January  20, 
1887.  Mr.  G.  G.  Williamson  saw  the  following  numbers  during  April: 
4  on  the  27th;  2  on  the  29th;  and  2  on  the  30th. 

107.  [517]     (.hrpodacus  purpurew  (Gniel. ).     Purple  Finch. 

Common  migrant  and  irregular  winter  resident.  B.  W.  EVermann 
classes  it  as  a  frequent  winter  visitor  and  W.  S.  Blatchley  says  it 
wintered  in  1882-3.  It  probably  wintered  in  1885-0,  as  no  last  date  is 
given  in  the  fall  migration  schedule,  nor  any  first  date  in  that  of  the 
spring.  The  females  remain  later  than  the  males  in  spring.  I  have  heard 
its  song  at  Marion,  Ind.,  March  8,  1900.  More  often  observed  in  sycamore 
than  in  other  trees.  Most  of  them  departed  April  14,  1885  (C.  H.  B.). 


10' 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

CUB 

C   11.  U. 

G.  G.  W. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M., 

First  seen 

3-14 

11-8 

3-17 

3-8 

3-27 

12-20 

3-18 

3-18 

4-2 

f  c?4-25 

4-30 

4-7* 

4-19 

5-4 

Abundance  

t  £5-15 
Abundant. 



Common. 
*V.  H.  B. 

Common. 

Common. 

108.     [521]     Lo.cix  nn-n'i-oxtw  minor  (Brehm).     American  Crossbill. 

An  exceedingly  irregular  species;  has  been  found  often  in  winter  and 
lias  been  reported  a  summer  resident. 

The  Red  Crossbill  was  first  reported  from  Monroe  County,  February 
10,  1883,  by  B.  W.  Evermann  who  says  it  was  common  for  some"  time 
after  that  date.  The  same  authority  also  says  that  it  was  common  dur- 
ing the  winter  of  1883-4.  In  both  the  spring  and  the  fall  of  1885  they  were 
quite  common.  C.  H.  Bollrnan's  record  of  its  movements  in  the  spring  is 
as  follows:  8  males  and  females  seen  March  2  and  3;  the  arrival  of  the 
bulk  from  the  north  took  place  March  8  and  both  sexes  were  then  com- 
mon; in  a  letter  to  J.  M.  Wheaton  he  reported  them  still  present  March  13; 
and  the  last  male  was  seen  May  10  and  the  last  female  May  12.  The 
bulk  of  the  species  departed  April  15.  From  uncatalogued  specimens  in 
the  collection  of  Indiana  University  the  following  additional  dates  were 
obtained:  March  10;  a  male  May  14.  During  the  year  1885  it  was  also 
reported  to  have  bred  at  Bloomington.  "Mr.  Sam  Hunter  reports  a  pair 
to  have  nested  in  a  pine  here  in  1885.  He  says  the  nest  was  made  ex- 
clusively of  pine  burrs"  (E.  M.  Kindle.). 

In  the  fall  of  1885,  C.  H.  Bollrnan  reported  the  Red  Crossbill  October 
4  and  November  5,  but  gives  no  date  for  the  last  one  seen,  indicating  that 
it  remained  throughout  the  winter,  and,  indeed,  W.  S.  Blatebley  reports 
it  in  his  list  of  winter  birds  as  a  scarce  resident  during  the  Winter  of 
1885-6.  In  the  latter  year,  the  first  Crossbills  were  reported  January  18. 
and  fifteen  or  twenty  were  seen  February  6  '(G.  G.  W.).  Crossbills,  prob- 
ably of  this  species,  but  not  exactly  identified  were  i'ej>ortect  February  23 


108 

and  March  8,  1886.  C.  H.  Bollman  saw  eleven  in  a  fir  tree  in  Blooming-ton 
June  24,  and  reported  them  alsp  on  July  10,  13  and  14  (B.  W.  -E.). 

After  being  reported  quite  often  during  this  period  of  4  years,  Cross- 
bills were  not  again  recorded  until  1892,  when  six  were  observed  by  E.  M. 
Kindle  and  A.  B.  TJlrey  on  March  1.  The  last  date  recorded  for  this 
locality  is  March  3,  1893  (E.  M.  K.),  when  a  crossbill  probably  of  this 
species,  was  identified  by  note. 

109.  [522]     Loxia  leucoptera  Gmel.     White- winged  Crossbill. 
A  very  irregular  visitor,  much  more  rare  than  the  last. 
White-winged  Crossbills  were  first  observed  here  February  6,  1883. 

On  that  date  B.  W.  Everrnann  took  two  males  from  a  flock  of  fifteen  in  a 
yard  on  College  Avenue,  Bloomington.  A  female  was  taken  February  10, 
and  "two  days  later  two  more  specimens  were  taken  near  the  same  place." 
(A.  W.  Butler,  in  "Papers  Read  at  the  World's  Congress  of  Ornithology" 
in  Chicago,  1893-6.) 

Mr.  Evermann  also  observed  this  bird  February  23  (List  of  Birds  of 
Carroll  County,  "Auk,"  1889).  C.  H.  Bollman  gives  a  queried  record  of  this 
species  for  December  12,  1885.  About  five  were  identified  by  note. 

A.  W.  Butler  says:  "The  only  instance  of  its  occurrence  in  summer 
in  the  Ohio  valley  is  that  given  me  by  the  late  C.  H.  Bollman.  He  saw 
eleven  in  a  fir  tree  in  Bloomington,  Ind.,  June  24,  1886."  However,  on 
C.  H.  Bollman's  schedule  for  1886,  this  date  is  attributed  to  the  other 
species,  in  the  account  of  which  I  have  placed  it. 

110.  [528]     Acanthis  linaria  (Linn. ).     Redpoll. 
Irregular  winter  visitor. 

"B.  W.  Evermann  identified  a  single  bird  at  Bloomington  in  December, 
1882"  (A.  W.  Butler).  C.  H.  Bollman  .reports  "one  seen"  in  his  list  of 
1886,  and  "Mr.  Chauncey  Juday  obtained  specimens  from  a  flock  of  twenty 
at  .Bloomington,  April  12,  1895"  (A.  W.  Butler).  W.  S.  Blatchley  also 
reports  one  January  30,  1883. 

111.  [529]     Asitragcdinustn'stisCLiniL,,).     American  Goldfinch,* 
Abundant  resident. 

Song  March  29  (W.  L.  M.,'02).  June  12,  1902,  a  nest  and  four  eggs  in 
a  .wild  rose  bush  (C.  G.  L.).  October  2,  1903,  I  shot  a  young  Goldfinch 
with  the  short  wings  and  tail  and  fluffy  feathers  of  a  fledgeling,  that 
was  unable  to  fly  well  and  was  still  being  fed  by  the  mother. 

The  plumage  changes  are  very  interesting.  It  requires  about  a 
month  for  all  the  males  to  assume  the  summer  plumage.  None  were  seen 


109 


in  summer  dress  until  April  18,  1880  (B.  W.  K).  The  record  from  the 
first  appearance  of  a  change  till  the  moult  is  completed  is  as  follows: 
March  29  ('02),  two  Goldfinches,  one  singing  and  in  great  part  in  summer 
plumage;  April  1  ('03),  eight  Goldfinches,  four  singing  and  with  the  back 
and  part  of  the  breast  yellow,  and  part  of  head  black;  April  2,  four 
Thistlebirds,  one  in  perfect  plumage,  the  others  in  changing  phases  of 
attire;  April  12,  two,  one  in  full  dress;  April  14,  five,  two  in  yellow  and 
black;  April  19,  three,  two  in  winter  plumage.  One  of  these  which  was 
black;  April  19,  three,  two  in  winter  plumage.  One  of  the  last  two  which 
was  taken  was  a  male,  the  other  one  of  the  trio  was  in  summer  attire; 
April  25,  twenty,  ten  in  transitional  stages  of  plumage;  April  3U.  an 
increase  in  those  of  full  plumage  to  the  usual  summer  number.  Probably 
all  of  the  males  have  completed  the  moult. 
112.  [533]  N/>/>/.<  fn'ntiK  (Wils. ).  Pine  Siskin. 

A  rather  regular  migrant  in  moderate  numbers;  a  rare  winter  resident. 
October  27  to  May  13. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year          .     .                         

1883. 

1885. 

1885 

1886 

1886 

Observer  
First  seen  

B.  W.  E. 

2-6 

I.  U.  Coll. 
3-23 

C.  H.  B. 

10-27 

G.G.W. 

G.  G.  W. 

Next  seen 

3-25* 

Common 

3-25* 

12  4 

Last  seen                 

5-13* 

12-29 

4-24 

I9  °9* 

Abundance   

Not  rare. 

Common. 

Common 

*C.  H.  B. 

W.S.B. 

Year  

1887. 

1896. 

1902 

1903 

Observer  
First  seen         .     .                   .  . 

G.  G.  W. 

A.  W.  B. 

W.  L.  M. 
3-23 

W.L.M. 

Next  seen  

Common  

Last  seen 

5-8 

11- 

5  * 

3-18 

Abundance  

*E.  Muhse. 

110 


113.  [534]     Pawrina niml is  (Linn.).     Siiowflake. 
Rare  and  irregular'  winter  visitor  (C.  H.  B.,  '86). 

114.  [536]     Cairn ri us  lapponicu.*  (Linn. ).     Lapland  Longspur. 

Rare  and  irregular  winter  visitor.  Observed  February  2,  1883 
(W.  S.  B.);  taken  February  10  and  12,  1883  (B.  W.  E.);  seven  seen  Feb- 
ruary 9,  1001  (V.  H.  B.).  All  were  associated  with  Otocoris  a.  pralicola. 

115.  [540]     Pocecetfs  (jramiiwus  (Gmel. ).     Vesper  Sparrow.* 
Abundant  summer  resident.     February  19  to  October  25. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

18S5. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1892. 

1893. 

Observer  
First  seen   

C.  H.B. 

4-1 

C.  H.  B. 

W.  S.  B. 

4-8 

G.  G.  W. 

3-24 

A.  B.  U. 

4-2 

E.  M.  K. 

3-30 

Next  seen  

4-2 

4-10* 

3-25* 

4-9* 

Common  

4-3 

4-17 

Last  seen  .  .... 

10-25 

Abundance  

Abundant. 

Verv  common. 

Abundant 

Common. 

Common 

*G.  G.  W. 

••  B.  W.  E. 

*E.  M.  K. 

Year  

1899. 

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer  

N.  B.  M. 

N.  B.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.L.  M. 

First  seen  

2-19 

4-18 

3-24 

2-21 

3-17 

Next  seen  

2-24 

3-24 

3-18 

Common  

3-25 

4-25 

3-29 

3-17 

Last  seen 

10-19 

Abundance  

Common. 

Common. 

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

116.     [ — ]     Passer  domestwm  (Linn. ).     European  House  Sparrow.* 

Exceedingly   abundant  resident.     Appeared   in    Bloomington   in    1875 

(Butler). 

Nest  and  six  eggs  taken  as  early  as  February  20,  '03  (C.  G.  L/.).     Two 

males  were  observed  trying  to  mate  wTith  a  female  Song  Sparrow,  March 


Ill 

2,  1901  (W.  L.  M.).  During  the  mating  season  English  Sparrows  often 
engage  in  such  earnest  fighting  that  one  or  the  other  of  the  contestants  is 
left  dead  upon  the  field.  Their  pugnacious  encounters  are  by  no  means 
confined  to  that  season,  however.  On  October  1G,  1902,  two  males  were 
so  deeply  interested  in  their  battle  that  they  were  both  easily  picked  up 
in  the  hand. 

Flycatchers  are  found  in  the  Sparrow  family  and  the  House  Sparrow 
is  one  of  these.  They  have  been  observed  catching  insects  on  the  wing, 
swooping  and  returning  to  the  same  perch  like  Flycatchers.  Some  seem 
more  adept  than  others;  one  seen,  made  two  darts  in  the  air  before 
returning  to  the  tree  which  was  his  headquarters.  Other  Sparrows  which 
have  been  observed  at  this  pursuit  are:  Junco,  Chewink,  Chippy,  Field 
and  White-throated  Sparrow's. 

Quite  a  tendency  to  albinism  is  noticeable  in  this  bird  and  it  seems  to 
be  of  recent  development.  A  perfect  albino  was  taken  September  28, 
1885  (C.  H.  B.).  In  the  single  spring  of  1903,  a  perfect  albino  was  cap- 
tured  by  hand  while  on  a  nest  containing  four  young  (McCracken) ;  a  par' 
tial  albino  with  the  head  and  flecks  everywhere  snowy  white  was  taken 
and  three  similar  ones  seen.  Many  specimens  with  one  or  two  rectrices 
or  remiges  white  were  observed.  In  two  months  in  the  summer  at  another 
locality,  three  partial  albinos  were  seen  and  two  complete  ones  reported. 
A  peculiarity  in  the  coloration  is  that  the  light  color  in  the  partial 
albinos  is  pure  snowy  white,  while  the  entirely  albinistic  specimens  are 
deep  buffy  white. 
117.  [542a]  Passerculm  samlirichfitxfs  mninna  (Wils. ).  Savanna  Sparrow. 

Common  migrant  and  probably  rare  summer  resident.  The  majority 
of  migration  records  do  not  show  this  bird  in  Avhat  is  probably  its  true 
position.  There  are  several  rather  early  spring  and  late  fall  reports,  but 
the  greater  number  of  dates  given  nearly  coincide  with  those  for  the  next 
species  as  if  they  were  inseparably  connected  in  time  of  migration  as 
they  have  been,  heretofore,  generically  united.  This  bird  breeds  farther 
north  and  winters  farther  north;  the  fact  that  it  winters  in  the  lower 
Wabash  valley  in  our  own  State  makes  it  seem  probable  that  it  should 
be  seen  earlier  all  over  the  S'tate  and  that  it  has  probably  been  over- 
looked during  many  seasons  until  its  more  conspicuous  cousin,  with  the 
brighter  colors  and  startling  insect-like  trill,  arrived.  It  is  true  that  the 
two  birds  are  generally  found  together,  but  it  is  probable  that  the  obscure 


112 


little  Savanna  Sparrow  is  present  at  a  given  point  in  the  State  from  a 
week  to  a  month  in  advance  of  the  Yellow-winged  Sparrow  every  year. 

A  nest  identified  as  belonging  to  a  bird  of  this  species  by  Prof.  J.  R. 
Slonaker  was  found  May  17,  1901.  It  was  built  in  a  depression  in  the 
ground  and  was  lined  and  partly  arched  over  with  dry  grass.  On  May  22, 
there  were  five  eggs.  June  3,  they  were  hatched.  June  7,  the  nest  was 
empty-but  probably  not  as  a  result  of  the  natural  course  of  events. 

.  In  1885  most  of  the  individuals  departed  May  2.    The  Savanna  Spar- 
row was  taken  March  29,  1894,  by  E.  M.  Kindle  in  Brown  County. 


MIGKATION   RECORD. 


Year                           ... 

1885 

1885 

1886 

1892 

Observer  

C.H.  B. 

C.  H.  B. 

G  G  W 

E  M  K 

4-18 

10-17 

4  10 

3  30 

4-20 

4-16 

Common  

4-22 

Last  seen 

5-11 

11-6 

4-27:;: 

Abundance 

Very  common 

'B.  W.E. 

Year 

1901 

1902 

1902 

1903 

Observer  

W.  L.M. 

W.L.  M. 

\V.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

First  seen 

3-23 

3-17 

Next  seen 

3-24 

3-18 

Common 

5-10 

4-3 

•  4-12 

Last  seen            

9-1 

Abundance  .         .  . 

Common 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

118.     [546]     Coturnicuhts  savannarum passerinus  (Wils. )    Grasshopper  Sparrow. 

Rather  common  summer  resident  (B.  W.  E.).    April  12  to  Oct.  4. 

Song  April  12,  '03  (W.  L.  M.).     A  nest  and  well  incubated  eggs  found 
June  G,  1902  (C.  G.  L.). 


MIGRATION   RECOKD. 


113 


Year        

1869. 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887 

Observer  

I.  U.  Coll. 

C.  H.B. 

S  E.Meek. 

B.  W.  E. 

G.G.  W. 

First  seen  

4-20 

4-25 

4-25 

Next  seen  

4-23 

4-27 

Common 

4-25 

8-1 

4-27 

Last  seen  -  

7-26 

10-4* 

Abundance  •  

Common. 

Rather 

*C.  H.  B. 

Common. 

Year  

1899. 

1901 

1902 

1903. 

Observer...  

N.  B.  M. 

W.  L.M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.L.  M. 

First  seen 

5-11 

5-1 

4-19 

4-12 

Next  seen 

5-13 

5-5 

4-25 

4-19 

Common 

5-16 

5-6 

4-12 

Last  seen  

Abundance  

Common 

Common 

Common. 

Abundant 

119.  [547]     Ammodramus  henslowii  (Aud. ).     Henslow's  Sparrow. 

Rare  summer  resident.  Mr.  C.  G.  Littell  saw  a  nest  on  the  ground 
which  contained  four  young  almost  ready  to  fly,  June  3,  1902.  Mr.  Littell 
made  this  report  in  1903,  after  he  had  become  better  acquainted  with  the 
bird  at  Winona  Lake  Avhere  it  was  collected.  The  accuracy  of  the  record 
is  thus  assured. 

120.  [552]     Chondeate-s  grammacus  (Say).     Lark  Sparrow. 

Abundant  summer  resident.  March  26  to  August  26.  In  1887  B.  W. 
Evermann  classed  it  as  rare  and  said  it  had  not  been  seen  here  until  in 
recent  years.  However  C.  H.  Bollman  found  it  abundant  in  1885.  The 
Lark  Sparrow  has  probably  been  increasing  in  numbers  every  year  here. 

Song  April  12,  1903.  Mating  May  6,  1902.  Nest  and  four  young  on 
ground  under  a  cedar  limb,  May  30,  1903  (C.  G.  L.). 

S— A.OF  SCIENCE,  '04. 


114 


MIGRATION    RECORD; 


Year    

1884. 

1885. 

1885 

1886 

1887 

Observer    

C.  H.  E. 

C.  H.  B. 

C  H  B 

W  S  B 

G   G  W 

First  seen 

3-26 

4-17 

4  21 

4-9(5 

Next  seen  

4-18 

4-22::: 

4-27 

Common 

4-23 

Last  seen 

8-26 

Abundance 

Ahunilan  t 

Rare 

B.W.E. 

Year 

1893 

1901 

1902 

1903 

Observer 

E  M  K 

W  L  M 

W  L  M 

W  L  M 

First  seen  

4-17 

5-6 

4-24 

4-12  ' 

Next  seen 

4-19 

5-7 

4-27 

4-1  0  • 

Common 

5-13 

4-19 

Last  seen                        ... 

Abundance 

Moderately 

common. 

121.     [554]     Zonotrichia  leucophrt/s  (Forst. ).     White-crowned  Sparrow. 

Moderately  common  migrant.     April  10  to  May  16.     October  4  to  25. 
In  1885  most  of  them  departed  May  10  (C.  H.  B.). 


MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Year   

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1893. 

Observer    ... 

C.  H.  B. 

e.  H.  B. 

W.  S.  B. 

G.  G.  W. 

E.  M.  K. 

First  seen  

5-1 

10-4 

4-13 

4-30 

4-19 

Next  seen 

5-2 

10-11 

4-22* 

5-4 

4-26 

Common 

5-4 

4-22f 

Last  seen 

5-14 

10--25 

5-5^ 

5-8 

Abundance 

Common 

:  B.  W.  E. 
tB.W.E. 
SG..G.W. 

115 


1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

N.  B.M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.L.M. 

W.L.M. 

4-30 

5-5 

4-10 

4-12 

Next  seen                           

5-5 

5-6 

4-20 

4-28 

5-15 

5-4 

5-16 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

122.     [558]     Zonotrichia  albicollis  (Gmel. ).     White- throated  Sparrow.* 

Abundant  migrant.  March  8,  '03  (W.  L.  M.)  to  May  16.  September 
24  to  November  22.  Possibly  rare  winter  resident.  Reported  January  29, 
1903  (P.  J.  H.). 

Song  heard  as  early  as  March  9,  1903  and  as  late  as  November  8, 
1902.  On  this  late  date  the  songs  were  loud,  clear  and  distinct.  "They 
remain  with  us  in  spring  as  late  as  they  can.  Often  they  are  seen  mating, 
and  some  years,  when  they  lingered  long,  they  have  been  observed 
carrying  sticks,  as  though  they  had  thought  to  begin  nest-building.  Some 
year  when  they  remain  late,  I  shall  not  be  surprised  to  learn  that  the  im- 
perative demands  of  nature  have  impelled  some  of  them  to  make  their 
summer  homes  with  us  and  build  their  nests"  (A.  W.  Butler).  "April 
30,  1902,  in  a  brush  heap,  in  an  old  orchard,  I  found  a  White-throated 
Sparrow  building  a  nest.  The  bottom  of  the  nest  was  made  of  twigs,  but 
every  time  she  carried  any  material  to  the  nest,  a  Catbird  would  fly 
down  and  take  it  away.  The  Catbird  fought  and  chased  the  Sparrows 
until  they  left  the  nest  unfinished"  (Gertrude  Hitze). 

The  bulk  of  the  species  departed  May  10,  1885  (C.  H.  B.). 

MIGEATION   RECORD. 


Year 

1884. 

1885 

1885. 

1885 

1886 

1887 

Observer  
First  seen  ..        

C.H.E. 

3-18 

C.H.B. 
c?3-16 

C.H.B. 

P4-8 

C.H.B. 
9-24 

B.  W.  E. 
4-12 

G.G.W. 

4-11 

Xext  seen  

3-18 

4-20 

10-3 

4-17* 

4-25 

4-25 

10-10 

4-22 

Last  seen 

5-14 

5-15 

11-8 

5-6 

Abundflnce         ... 

Abundant. 

Abundant 

Abundant. 

Common 

*G.G.W. 

116 


Year  

1892. 

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

1903. 

Observer  
First  seen 

A.B.U. 

N.  B.  M. 
4-17 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

3-9 

W.L.M. 
10-5 

W.L.M. 

3-8 

W.L.M. 

Next  seen 

3-14 

10-12 

3-9 

Common      

3-25 

10-26 

3-20 

Last  seen  

4-30 

5-13 

5-4 

11-9 

5-16 

11-22 

Abundance  

Common 

Common 

Common 

Abundant 

Abundant 

123.     [559]     Spizella  monticola  (Gmel.).     Tree  Sparrow.* 

Abundant  winter  resident.    October  12  to  April  19.    The  song  is  often 
heard  in  spring:    March  1  and  5,  1902,  and  March  9  and  17,  1903. 


MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Tear  

1885. 

1885. 

1901. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer  
First  seen  ,  

C.H.B. 

C.H.B. 
11-4 

W.L.M. 

W.L.M. 

W.L.M. 
10-12 

W.L.M. 

Next  seen 

11-15 

10-19 

Common 

3-23 

12-26 

11-28 

Last  seen 

4-19 

3-17 

3-26 

3-17 

Abundance  

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

Common. 

Very 
Common. 

Common. 

Abundant. 

124.     [560]     Spizella  socialis  (Wils.).     Chipping  Sparrow.*    Fig.  18. 

Abundant  summer  resident.    March  16  to  November  9. 

Song  March  17,  1903;  March  26,  1902.  Mating  March  27,  1903.  Nest 
found  April  28,  1899  (N.  B.  M.);  nest  and  four  eggs  May  2,  1903  (C.  G.  L.). 
Nearly  full  grown  young  seen  with  mother  and  being  fed  by  her  May  29, 
1903.  There  is  a  nest  in  the  collection  of  the  University  which  is  composed 
of  soft  vegetable  fibers  or  rootlets  without  a  trace  of  horsehair. 


117 


MIGRATION   RECOED. 


Year  

1884. 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1892. 

1893. 

Observer  

C.  H.  E.    C.  H.B. 

C.  H.  B. 

W.  S.  B. 

G.G.W. 

E.  M.K. 

E.  M.  K. 

First  seen  

3-24 

4-1 
4-2 
4-3 

3-19 

4-1 

3-27 
4-9 

3-20 
3-23 

5-24* 

Last  seen 

11-7 

Abundance 

Abund't. 

Abund't. 

Common 
•  G.  G.  W. 

Common 

Common 

Year  

1899. 

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903.     . 

Observer  
First  seen 

N.B.M. 

4-12 

N.B.M. 

4-8 

W.L.M. 

3-25 

W.L.M. 

3-16 

W.L.M. 

W.  L.  M. 

3-27 

Next  seen  
Common 

4-15 

4-12 
4-17 

3-27 

3-23 
3-26 

3-18 
3-20 

11-9 

Abundance  

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

. 

Abundant. 

125.     [563]     Spizella pusilla  (Wils.).     Field  Sparrow.*    Fig.  19. 

Abundant  summer  resident.  February  26  to  November  8.  Possibly 
rare  winter  resident.  Reported  January  17  and  February  2,  1903 
(P.  J.  H.). 

Singing  weakly  February  26,  1902;  in  full  song  March  10,  1903.  Mat- 
ing March  29,  1902.  Nest  and  3  eggs,  May  3,  1903  (C.  G.  L.).  This  nest 
was  on  the  ground  at  the  base  of  a  large  weed.  Nest  and  full  set  of  eggs 
May  14,  1899;  hatched  May  18  (N.  B.  M.). 

A  most  abundant  species  in  weedy  fields. 


118 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1884. 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1893. 

Observer  
First  seen 

C.H.  E. 

3-18 

C.H.  B. 

3-31 

C.  H.  B. 

B.  W.  E. 

3-15 

G.G.  W. 
3-24 

E.  M.  K. 
3-30 

Next  seen 

4-1 

3-25 

Common 

4-2 

3-26 

Last  seen 

11-8 

Abundance..           .... 

Abundant 

Abundant 

Common. 

Common. 



Year  

1899. 

1901. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer  
First  seen 

N.  B.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

3-17 

W.  L.  M. 

2-26 

W.  L.  M. 

W.L.  M. 

3-1 

Next  seen  

3-24 

3-14 

3-3 

Common  

4-15 

3-24 

3-21 

3-15 

Last  seen 

11-5 

Abundance 

Common 

Abundant. 

126.     [567]     Junco  hyemalis  (Linn. ).     Slate-colored  Junco.* 

Abundant  winter  resident.    October  6  to  May  1. 

Snatches  of  song  are  often  heard  in  March  and  April  and  it  has  been 
heard  singing  in  the  fall;  November  9  and  23,  1902.  On  November  23, 
1902,  a  bright,  sunshiny  day,  one  of  three  Juncos  was  observed  carrying 
dry  blades  of  grass  in  its  beak.  It  always  gave  them  up  in  favor  of  new 
ones  every  little  while  and  did  not  put  many  of  them  in  the  same  place. 
On  this  same  day  a  Junco  was  also  heard  singing  a  quite  loud  and  pleas- 
ing song.  This  occurrence  should  probably  be  classed  with  those 
phenomena  which  were  discussed  under  the  heading,  "A  Revival  of  Sex- 
ual Instinct"  in  "The  Auk"  a  year  or  more  ago.  A  similar  thing  has 
been  noticed  in  the  case  of  the  English  Sparrow.  One  was  seen  nest- 
building  November  6,  1902. 

Where  there  are  weeds  there  are  Juncos.  But  briary  fence  rows,  and 
thicketed  gullies  are  centers  of  density  in  the  Junco  population. 


Ill) 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1*92. 

18^9. 

1901. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer  
First  seen 

C.H.B. 
10-6 

E.M.K. 

N.B.M. 

W.L.M. 

W.L.M. 

W.L.M. 

10-12 

W.  L.  M. 

Next  seen 

10-7 

10-14 

Common  

10-20 

10-19 

Last  seen  

4-21 

4-6 

4-14 

4-27 

5-1 

Abundance... 

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

127.     [575a]     Peucxa  .vsto'valis  bachmanil  (And. ).     Bachman's  Sparrow. 

Common  migrant  and  not  uncommon  summer  resident.    April  6,  — . 

"April  24,  1884,  Prof.  W.  S.  Blatchley  took  two  Bachman's  Sparrows 
from  a  brush-pile  in  Monroe  i  County.  That  was  its  first  record  there. 
It  appeared  regularly  thereafter  between  April  6  (1885)  and  April  29  (1886). 
In  1886  two  sets  of  eggs  and  perhaps  a  half-dozen  taken  (Evermann)" 
[A  W.  Butler].  Song  April  7,  1903.  Common  April  12,  1903;  31  of  these 
birds  were  seen  in  a  single  high,  brushy  meadow.  Here  and  in  clearings 
where  there  are  many  oak  saplings  and  in  the  uneven  pastures  where 
rosebushes  and  stunted  cedars  are  plentiful,  Bachman's  Sparrow  is  most 
often  found. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year 

1884. 

1885. 

1886 

1887 

1902 

1903 

Observer  
First  seen    .  .          .... 

W.S.  B. 

4-24 

C.H.B. 

4-6 

C.H.B. 

4-29 

G.  G.  W. 

4-27 

W.L.M. 

4-19 

W.L.M. 

4-7 

Next  seen  

4-26 

5-8''-' 

4-28 

4-20 

4-8 

Common  

4-12 

Last  seen 

Abundance 

Not  rare 

Not  rare 

Rare 

*G.G.W. 

128.     [581]     Melospiza  cinerea  melodia  (Wils.).     Song  Sparrow.*    Fig.  20. 

Abundant  during  migration;  common  at  other  times  but  more  so  in 
winter  than  in  summer.  The  Song  Sparrow  is  not  a  common  breeder  here. 

The  most  common  songster,  whose  value  is  enhanced  by  his  habit  of 
singing  when  most  other  birds  are  silent.  The  writer  has  heard  Song 


120 


Sparrows  singing  every  month  in  the  year.  Following  are  dates  when 
their  song  was  heard  in  this  locality,  for  ten  months  of  the  year:  9-28; 
10-12;  11-8;  12-14,  '02;  1-21;  2-22;  3-4;  4-4;  5-1;  6-9,  '03.  On  April  8,  1900, 
one  was  observed  singing  during  flight.  Though  not  a  performer  of  intri- 
cate music,  nor  ostentatious  either  in  his  lay  or  his  pretty  self,  to  the 
person  to  whom  are  familiar  our  country  lanes  as  they  appear  in  the 
cool,  quiet  duskiness  of  vernal  evenings,  this  domestic  songster  is  the 
most  welcome  and  the  most  cheerful  and  cheering  of  singing  birds. 

May  3,  1903,  nest  and  four  young  in  a  small,  thick  cedar  in  a  sink- 
hole (C.  G,  L.).    Many  nests  and  eggs  are  found  during  the  first  week  in 
June. 
129.     [583]     Mefospiza  lincolnii  (And. ).     Lincoln's  Sparrow. 

Rare  migrant;  probably  a  more  common  and  regular  one,  however, 
than  can  be  inferred  from  the  data  at  hand. 


MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Year  ;. 

1885. 

1885. 

Observer        .  .   . 

C.H.B. 

5-3 

5-5 

C.H.B. 
10-10 
10-11 

First  seen  ..        

Next  seen  .     . 

Common  .... 

Last  seen  

10-25 
Not  common 

Abundance  

Not  common 

130.     [584]     Melospiza  georgiana  (Ij&th.).     Swamp  Sparrow. 

Common  migrant.  March  5  to  April  29,  October  2  to  November  3. 
"Reported  by  B.  W.  Evermann  in  winter,  not  seen  by  me  before  March 
19"  (W.  S.  B.).  There  is  a  possibility  that  the  Swamp  Sparrow  is  an 
occasional  summer  resident.  A  nest  in  the  University  collection  from 
this  locality  is  identified  as  belonging  to  this  bird. 

In  speaking  of  the  breeding  grounds,  A.  W.  Butler  says:  "There  it 
sings  its  song,  but  during  the  migrations  it  is  songless."  P.  J  Hartman 
and  the  writer  saw  and  heard  the  Swamp  Sparrow  singing  during  a  steady 
drizzling  rain  March  8,  1903,  the  first  date  for  the  bird  in  that  year. 


121 


MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Year     

1885 

1886 

1887 

1895 

Observer  ~.\  .  .  . 

C  H.  B. 

W.  S.  B. 

G.  G.  W. 

Butler 

First  seen  

10-17 

3-19 

3-26 

3-5 

Next  seen 

10-28 

Common  . 

La'tseen   .... 

11-3 

4-19 

Abundance  

Common. 

Year  .......      

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

1903. 

Observer  7  ..."..  
First  seen 

W.L.M. 

3-26 

W.  L.  M. 

10-12 

W.L.  M. 

3-8 

W.  L.  M. 

Next  seen 

3-27 

3-9 

Common..  . 

Last  seen  

4-24 

10-26 

4-29 

10-2 

Abundance  

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

131.     [585]     Passerella  Uiaca  (Merr.).     Fox  Sparrow.* 

Common  to  abundant  migrant.  February  20  to  May  16.  October  5  to 
November  28.  Rare  winter  resident.  January  17,  1903.  In  winter  they 
are  very  restricted  in  their  range.  Though  seen  several  times  from 
November  28,  1902,  to  March  8,  1903,  none  were  seen  outside  of  a  portion 
of  the  valley  of  Griffey  Creek  about  one  fourth  of  a  mile  long.  The  ex- 
ceedingly late  date,  May  16,  1903,  is  a  record  of  six  or  seven  Fox  Spar- 
rows seen  by  the  Nature  Study  Class  and  the  writer  along  a  creek  bottom 
in  the  extreme  eastern  part  of  the  county. 

"It  is  said  to  have  a  clear,  loud,  melodious  voice,  and  to  sing  a  sweet 
song,  which  I  have  never  heard,  but  hope  to  some  spring,  as  they  should 
occasionally  give  us  a  foretaste  of  the  musical  treat  that  is  wasted— 
humanly  speaking— on  the  uninhabited  Hudson  Bay  Region"  (A.  W. 
Butler).  The  song  of  the  Fox  Sparrow  is  indeed  loud  and  melodious  and 
is  in  tone  similar  to  that  of  the  Chewink.  I  have  heard  it  singing  every 
spring  that  I  have  made  observations  in  this  locality.  P.  J.  Hartman  and 
myself  heard  the  song  many  times  during  the  spring  of  1903.  They 
began  singing  March  9. 

The  bulk  departed  April  12,  1885  (C.  H:  B.). 


122 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1884. 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1892. 

1895. 

Observer  ... 
First  seen  

C.H.  E. 

3-19 

C.H.  B. 

3-18 

C.H.  B. 
10-0 

B.W.E. 
G.G.  W. 
W.  S.  B. 

3-14 

E.  M.K. 
A.B.U. 

2  20 

A.W.B. 

Nest  seen  

3-27 

10-14 

3-16 

2  27 

Common  

3-31 

Last  seen  .  .  . 

4-19 

11  3 

Q_OC 

0_9A 

4  20 

Abundance  

Common 

Rare 

Year  

1901 

1902 

1902 

1903 

1903 

Observer  
First  seen  

W.L.M. 

3-24 

W.  L.  M. 

3-1 

W.L.M. 

W.L.M. 

W.  L.  M. 

Next  seen  

3-2 

Common  .. 

3-23 

10-5 

3-8 

Last  seen  

4  16 

10  98 

5  16 

11  22 

Abundance  

132.     [587]     Pip-flu  cnitki-ophthalmu*  (Linn. ).     Towhee.*    Fig.  21. 

Abundant  migrant  and  summer  resident;  common  winter  resident. 
There  is  always  a  noticeable  period  in  spring  when  Chewinks  are  very 
scarce.  This  is  probably  due  to  the  departure  of  our  winter  residents 
before  the  arrival  of  migrants  and  summer  residents.  A  marked  example 
of  this  period  of  scarcity  is  found  in  the  record  for  the  spring  of  1902. 
Up  to  the  fifteenth  of  February,  males  and  females  were  common  and 
present  in  about  equal  numbers.  From  this  date  until  the  ninth  of  March, 
no  Chewinks  were  seen.  On  the  latter  date,  and  for  nearly  a  week  there- 
after, although  males  were  present,  no  females  were  seen.  But  on  the 
twenty-fourth  of  March  both  sexes  were  equally  abundant  and  the  season 
of  song  was  at  its  height.  Thus  in  this  spring  there  was  a  period 
twenty-three  days  in  length  when  they  were  absent;  a  period  of  a  week 
when  males  only  were  present;  and  finally  another  period  ot  fifteen  days 
during  which  the  arrival  of  other  birds  brought  the  numbers  up  to  the 
usual  summer  abundance.  This  hiatus  is  more  or  less  marked  in  every 


123 


year's  record.     That  the  males   migrate   first   to   the  breeding   ground   is 
also  upheld  by  all  other  available  data. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year. 

Male. 

Female. 

Observer. 

1885      

3-14 

4-1 

C.  H.B. 

1886  

2-22* 

3-9 

W.S.  B. 

1902 

3-9 

3-16 

W.  L.  M. 

!B.  W.  E. 

The  Chewink  begins  singing  early.  The  first  perfect  song  was  heard 
March  1,  1903.  On  February  20,  however,  and  again  on  March  1,  two  of 
these  birds  were  found  rehearsing  in  low  tones.  The  first  was  scratching 
among  some  briars  and  was  going  over  his  spring  song  very  softly.  The 
notes  were  exactly  the  same;  the  only  difference  was  in  the  volume  and 
the  tone  which  seemed  to  express  contentment  rather  than  ecstacy.  The 
other  one,  heard  on  the  first  of  March,  was  sitting  in  some  cedar  brush 
with  his  feathers  ruffled  up,  his  bill  sunk  in  his  breast  muttering  his 
score.  This  whole  effort  was  accomplished  in  rather  a  drowsy  manner 
and  he  was  so  oblivious  to  his  surroundings,  that  he  was  not  frightened 
by  the  presence  of  a  human  being  within  three  feet  of  him.  Immediately 
after  this,  I  heard  another  Chewink  give  the  song  perfectly  from  the  top 
of  a  chestnut  tree.  It  was  a  beautiful  chant  and  seemed  unusually 
attractive  on  this  rainy  March  morning.  The  same  habit  of  rehearsal 
has  been  observed  in  several  other  birds,  among  which  are  the  Song 
Sparrow,  White-throated  Sparrow  and  brown  Thrasher. 

Nest  and  three  eggs  found  April  15,  '03.  Birds  hatched  on  June  11» 
1901,  had  flown  June  19  (W.  L.  H.).A  very  late  date  is  given  by  B.  W. 
Evermann.  "August  19,  1881,  I  found  a  Chewink's  nest  containing  three 
fresh  eggs,  built  at  least  three  feet  from  the  ground  in  a  spice  bush.  Such 
is  not  common  I  believe."  (Orn.  and  Ool.,  1881.) 
133.  [593]  Cardinal  cardinal/*  (Linn.).  Cardinal.*  Fig.  22. 

Abundant  resident. 

Mating  February  18,  1901;  March  23,  1903.  Nestlmilding  April  12, 
1903,  but,  on  the  same  date  a  nest  was  found  which  contained  three  eggs. 
This  was  afterwards  ascertained  to  be  the  full  set. 


124 


The  Cardinal  is  another  one  of  those  cheery  birds  which  may  be  heard 
singing  at  all  times  of  the  year.  Some  winter  dates  of  singing  are:  10-19; 
11-9,  '02  and  1-1;  2-8,  '03.  On  February  13,  1903,  I  heard  a  Cardinal  sing- 
ing from  the  top  of  a  cedar  tree  at  6  a.  m.,  and  on  passing  the  same  place 
at  7  a.  m.  found  him  still  at  his  music. 
134.  [595]  Zamelodia  ludoviciana  (Linn. ).  Rose- breasted  Grosbeak.* 

Common  migrant.  "But  few  breed  here"  (B.  W.  E.).  Although  the 
Rose-breasted  Grosbeak  has  been  reported  a  summer  resident  from  locali- 
ties farther  south  than  this  (St.  Louis,  Cincinnati),  such  an  occurrence  is 
very  unusual.  The  only  record  of  its  making  its  summer  home  at 
Blooinington  is  that  of  B.  W.  Evermann  in  1886.  Song  May  8,  1903. 

The  date,  November  12,  1888,  is  from  an  uncatalogued  specimen  in 
the  Museum  of  Indiana  University  which  was  collected  by  a  Mr. 
Chambers.  The  males  seem  to  arrive  earlier  and  depart  later  than  the 
females.  Neither  so  common  nor  so  early  a  migrant  now  as  formerly. 


MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Year.  

1885. 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

Observer  
First  seen 

C.H.B. 

c?4-23 

C.H.B. 

P4-30 

C.H.B. 
9-11 

B.  W.  E. 

4  23 

G.  G.  W. 

4  28 

Next  seen  

4-26 

5-5 

9-17 

4-24* 

Common 

5-6 

5  6 

9-18 

5-4 

Last  seen  

6-16 

5-15 

10-10 

5-4 

Abundance    

Abundant. 

Abunda.nt. 

Abundant. 

Common. 

*W.  S.  B. 

Year 

1888 

1901 

1902 

1903 

Observer  

Chambers 

W  L  M 

W.  L  M. 

W.L.M. 

First  seen    ....              ...                     .... 

5-7 

5-5 

5-7 

Next  seen  

5-8 

Common 

Last  seen 

11-12 

Abundance 

Common 

125 

135.     [598]     Cyanospiza  cyanea  (Linn. ).     Indigo  Bunting.* 

Abundant  summer  resident.     April  13  to  October  17;  which  are  the 

limits  of  its  stay  in  the  State. 

Song  April  29,  '03;  also  heard  as  late  as  August  9,  in  a  latitude  but 

little  south  of  this.    May  19,  '03,  nest  and  one  egg  found  in  a  small  bush 

along  a  road  (C.  G.  L.).    The  males  migrate  from  a  few  days  to  two  weeks 

in  advance  of  the  females. 


MIGRATION   RECOED. 


Year 

1885. 

1885. 

1885. 

1882. 

1886. 

1887. 

1892. 

Observer... 
First  seen  ... 
Next  seen 

C.  H.  B. 

d"4-25 
5-2 

C.  H.B. 

<P5-9 
5-10 

C.H.B. 

B.W.E. 
4-13 

C.H.B. 
W.S.B. 
G.G.  W. 

4-22 
4-23 

G.G.W. 

4-27 
4-30 

E.M.K. 

5-4 

Common 

5-16 

5-16 

4-24 

10  17 

Year  

1893. 

1895. 

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

1903.  ' 

Observer... 
First  seen.. 

E.M.K. 

5-6 

A.W.B. 

5-2 

N.  B.M. 
4-28 

W.L.  M. 

5-6 
5-7 
5-14 

W.L.M. 

W.L.M. 

W.L.M. 

4-28 
4-29 

W.  L.  M. 

Common  . 

5-4 

9-1 
Common 

4-29 

10-6 
Abundant 

Last  seen  .. 
Abundance 

Common 

Common 

Common 

Abundant 

136.     [604]     Spiza  americana .  (Gmel. ).     Dickcissel. 

Abundant  summer  resident.    April  23  to  October  2. 

Song  May  5,  1903.  Nest  and  5  eggs  in  a  low  bush,  in  an  old  orchard, 
May  15,  1901.  Nest  and  four  eggs  about  three  feet  up  in  a  bush  in  a 
pasture,  June  2,  1902  (C.  G.  L.). 

Both  sexes  arrive  at  the  same  time,  and  they  are  either  mated  upon 
arrival  or  mate  very  soon  afterwards. 


126 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1885 

18S5 

1886 

1887 

1892 

1893 

Observer  
First  seen 

C.  H.  B. 

4-30 

C.H.  B. 

C.H.  TJ. 
G.G.  W. 

4  23 

G.  G.  W. 

5-2 

A.B.  U. 

5  7 

E.  M.  K. 

4  "78 

Next  ?een 

5-1 

4  29 

'>  4 

Common  

5-10 

5-1 

Last  seen 

10-2 

Abundance  

Abundant. 

Abundant 

Abundant 

Year 

1895 

1899 

1%1 

1902 

1903 

Observer  '  
First  seen  

A.  W.  B. 

5-4 

N.  B.  M. 

5-11 

W.  L.  M. 

W.L.  M. 

5-4 

W.L.  M. 

Next  seen 

5-13 

5  10 

Common  

5-16 

5-15 

5-10 

5-16 

Last  seen  

Abundance  

Common 

Common 

Abundant 

187.     [608]     Piranya  m/th'-omelax  Vieill.     Scarlet  Tariager.* 

Common  migrant.  Moderately  common  summer  resident  (B.  W.  E.? 
'87).  April  22  to  September  19.  Song  and  mating  April  29,  1903. 
Usually  the  males  arrive  before  the  females,  sometimes  as  much  as  a 
week  in  advance.  They  arrive  at  the  same  time,  however,  in  some  years- 
B.  W.  EVermann  says  that  this  species  was  moderately  common  here  in 
the  spring  of  1881.  Six  were  seen  on  one  morning  in  May.  lie  says  that 
this  was  the  farthest  north  it  had  been  reported  in  the  State  up  to  that 
time. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1882 

1885 

1885 

1885 

1886 

Observer  

B  W  E 

C  H  B 

C   II   B 

C   If   ]3 

B.  W.  E.. 

First  see»  

5-6 

0^4-26 

P5-3 

G.  G.  W_ 

4-99 

Next  seen  
Common  

4-28 
5-10 

5-9 
5-10 

4-23: 
•l-9t 

Last  seen  

9  19 

Abundance 

Common 

127 


"Year                                                                                     1887. 

1892.              1902 

1903. 

Observer  |  <J,  G.  W. 
First  seen    ..                                                                    4-28 

E.M.K.  ;  W.L.M. 
5-4                4-23 

W.  L.  M. 

4-28 

"Next  seen                                                                      4-29 

4-27 

4-29 

'Common 

4-29 

Abundance      ..            

i  Common. 

Common. 

138.     [610]     Pirai)</(i  i-iihni  (Ltinn.).     Summer  Tanager.* 

Abundant  migrant  and  common  summer  resident.  April  1  to  Sep- 
tember 28. 

Mated  May  4.  1903;  nest  and  five  eggs  in  a  small  apple  tree  near 
•a  pond,  May  19,  1902  (C.  G.  L.);  nest  and  four  eggs  May  29f  '01. 

The  date.  April  1,  1886,  is  from  an  uncatalogued  specimen  in  the 
museum  of  Indiana  University,  by  W.  A.  Millis.  The  first  migrant  in 
.191 H  was  a  male  in  variegated  plumage.  The  males  precede  the  females 
in  .migration. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


1885 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1892 

1893 

Observer  
•First  seen      .... 

C.  11.  B. 
^4-22 

C.  H.  B. 

^4-26 

C.  H.B. 

C.  H.  B. 
B.  W.  E. 

4-1* 

G.G.W. 
4-27 

A.B.  U. 
E.M.K. 

5-1 

E.M.K. 

5-1 

4-2:") 

5-? 

4-18 

5-28 

'Common 

5-3 

5-3 

5-4 

Last  seen 

£-28 

Abundance 

Abundant 

Abundant 

Abundant 

Common. 

W.  A.  Millis. 


Year  1899. 

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer  N.B.M, 
Fir<4  seen                              5-9 

N.  B.  M. 

4-29 

W.L.M. 

5-6 

W.L.M. 

4-27 

W.L.M. 

W.  L.  M. 

4-28 

Next  seen  5-11 
Common                                  5-16 

5-5 
5-9 

5-7 
5-13 

5-4 
4-27 

5  2 
5-10 

Last  feen  

9-1 

Abundance  Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

128 


In  1894  E.  M.  Kindle  remarked  upon  the  absence  of  this  bird  from 
Brown  County  while  it  was  common  in  this,  the  adjoining  county. 
During  the  last  spring  (1903)  the  Summer  Redbird  was  common  also 
in  Brown  County. 

139.     [611]     Progne  subis  (Linn.).     Purple  Martin.* 

Common   summer  resident.     March  28  to   September  10. 

MIGRATION   EECORD. 


Year 

1885 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1892 

1893 

1895 

Observer  
First  seen  . 

C.H.B. 
3-31 

C.H.B. 

B.W.E. 
G.G.  W. 

3-28 

G.  G.  W. 

3-29 

A.B.U. 
E.M.  K. 

3-31 

E.  M.  K. 
3-31 

A.  W.  B. 
4-17 

Next  seen 

4-1 

4-9 

4-2 

Common  . 

4-6 

4-19 

Last  seen 

9-10 

Abundance.  . 

Abundant 

Abundant 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Year  

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1902 

1903 

Observer  
First  seen 

N,  B.  M. 

4-12 

N.B.M. 

4-7 

W.L.  M. 
4-16 

W.L.  M. 
4-5 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

3-28 

Next  seen 

4-13 

4-8 

4-17 

4-6 

4-2 

Common     .... 

4-20 

4-10 

4-18 

4-15 

4-11 

Last  seen  

9-1 

Abundance    .... 

Common. 

Common. 

Common 

Common. 

Common. 

Abundant. 

There  are  only  two  large  ponds  in  the  region,  and  as  the  Swallows 
are  seen  at  these  places  for  a  long  time  before  they  are  in  any  other 
part  of  the  country  it  is  easy  to  record  their  migration. 

One  of  the  peculiarities  of  their  migration  is  the  arrival  at  the  same 
time  of  all  or  several  of  the  species.  On  one  day  we  can  find  no 
Swallows  at  all;  on  the  next,  perhaps,  all,  from  the  Martin  to  the 
little  Bank  Swallows,  will  be  present  about  our  ponds.  Four  of  the 
species  came  on  the  same  day  in  1885,  and  three  on  the  same  day 
in  1902  and  1903.  After  their  arrival  they  are  augmented  in  numbers 
at  the  same  time,  or  they  leave,  or  arrive  again  in  full  strength.  Thus 
on  four  days  in  April,  1903— the  10th,  13th,  19th  and  30th— large  mixed 
flocks  were  observed,  when  all  or  nearly  all  of  the  species  had  been 


129 

absent  the  day  before.  Their  departure  was  similar.  On  April  11, 
17,  27  and  May  1,  the  less  vagrant  summer  resident  Proyne  was  the 
only  Swallow  remaining  of  the  motley  companies  of  the  day  before. 
In  other  years  this  mode  of  migration  has  been  just  as  marked;  in 
1902,  two  species  arrived  together  on  the  fifth  of  April  and  three  on 
the  thirteenth;  and  in  1885,  four  species,  the  Bank,  Tree,  Barn  and 
Cliff  Swallows  arrived  in  one  flock  on  the  15th  of  April,  and  were 
seen  together  again  on  the  next  day.  Tree  and  Cliff  Swallows  became 
common  on  the  22d,  the  Barn  Swallow  a  day  before,  and  on  the  25th 
the  Bank  and  Roughwinged  Swallows  became  common. 

A  more  detailed  discussion  of  the  migration  of  the  Hirundinidce 
in  1903,  will  bring  out  another  point,  i.  e.,  the  relation  of  weather  con- 
ditions to  the  phases  of  the  migratory  movement. 

From  April  10,  the  date  when  three  species  had  arrived,  to  May  3, 
inclusive,  when  the  last  flock  of  migrants  was  seen,  there  were  just 
fifteen  cloudy  or  rainy  days,  with  an  average  temperature  of  47°  at  5 
a.  m.,  and  ten  clear  days  with  a  temperature  of  44.°  Swallows,  some- 
times, with  the  exception  of  the  Purple  Martin,  were  absent  [three  spec- 
imens of  Hlrundo  seen  one  day  and  two  of  PetrocJielidon  another]  during 
the  ten  days,  and  were  very  much  in  evidence  fifteen  days.  South  winds 
prevailed  during  this  period  and  migration  was  high  among  all  the  small 
land  birds,  especially  on  the  28th  and  29th;  but  on  these  dates  no  flocks 
of  swallows  were  seen.  If  a  clear  or  partly  clear  period  was  succeeded  by 
a  rainy,  cloudy,  or  misty  one,  swallows  were  surely  to  be  found. 
As  long  as  the  weather  remained  cloudy,  these  birds  remained,  but  on 
the  first  fair  day  they  disappeared.  The  only  species  that  arrived  on  a 
clear  day  was  the  Tree  Swallow;  but  after  its  arrival  its  movements 
agreed  with  those  of  its  cousins.  There  was  only  one  cloudy  day  on 
which  the  crowds  of  swallows  Avere  absent  and  even  that  day  brought 
an  increase  in  the  number  of  Martins. 

A  synopsis  of  the  period  follows:  April  10,  cloudy,  3  species;  April  11. 
cloudy,  an  increase  in  number  of  Purple  Martins;  April  12,  fair,  no  Swal- 
lows (Martin  ignored);  April  13-16,  inclusive,  cloudy  and  rainy,  all  species 
present;  April  17-18,  clear,  no  Swallows;  19-25,  inclusive,  cloudy  or  rainy, 
all  species  present  in  considerable  numbers;  26-29,  fair,  few  Swallows 
seen  and  their  number  decreased  during  this  period;  April  30,  cloudy, 
a  large  flock  of  four  kinds;  May  1-2,  clear,  no  Swallows;  May  3,  rainy,  a 

9— A.  OF  SCIENCE,  '04. 


130 


flock  of  eighty  Bank  Swallows  and  twelve  Purple  Martins.  After  this 
date  only  the  usual  summer  numbers  of  the  breeding  species  were  seen; 
there  were  no  more  migrants.  The  Purple  Martin  which  seemed  to  be 
less  affected  by  weather  conditions  after  arrival  than  the  other  species, 
was  orthodox  in  its  arrival  which  occurred  on  a  cloudy  morning  after  a 
clear  night. 

There  is  no  other  record  so  complete;  and  it  can  not  be  stated  whether 
this  relation  between  weather  and  migration  is  a  fixed  one,  but  in  regard 
to  the  migratory  movements  of  Swallows  in  1903,  it  may  be  said  that  the 
relation  was  so  close  that  one  could  predict  the  numbers  to  be  found  on 
any  day  from  the  condition  of  the  weather. 

140.     [612]     Petrochelidon  huiifrons  (Say).     Cliff  Swallow. 

Abundant  migrant  and  common  summer  resident.  April  12  to  Sep- 
tember 14.  Nest  and  four  eggs  in  University  collection  (C.  H.  B.). 

MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Year     

1884. 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

Observer  

A.  W.  B. 

C.  H.  B. 

C.  H.B. 

C.H.  B. 

G.  G.  W. 

First  seen  

4  18 

4-15 

4-19 

4-12 

Next  seen  

4-16 

4-22 

Common  

4-22 

Last  seen  

9-U 

Abundance 

Year  

1893. 

1895. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer  
Firj?t  seen  
Next  seen  

E.  M.  K. 

5-2 
5-6 

A.  W.  B. 

4-17 

W.  L.  M. 

5-7 

W.  L.M. 

4-13 

W.  L.  M. 

4-13 
4-14 

Common   

4-14 

Last  seen 

Abundance   

...:.. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

141.      [613]     Hirundo  erythrogastra  Bodd.     Barn  Swallow.*" 

Abundant  migrant  and  summer  resident.  April  9  to  September  12. 
May  12,  1903,  nest  about  two-thirds  completed  on  a  rafter  in  a  loft  of  a 
barn  (C.  G.  L.). 


131 


MIGRATION    RECOU.O. 


Year  

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1837. 

1892. 

Observer  
First  seen 

C.  H.  B. 

4-15 

C.  H.B. 

G.G.  W. 
4-10 

Cr.  G.  W. 

4-12 

A.B.U. 
E.M.K. 

4-18 

Next  seen 

4-16 

4-17 

4-19 

Common        

4-21 

4-20 

4-24 

Last  seen  

9-12 

Abundance  

Abundant. 

Abundant 

Common. 

Common. 

Year  

18  '3 

1899 

1902 

1903 

Observer  

E.M.K. 

N.B  M. 

W.  L   M. 

W.  L.  M. 

First  seen  

4-9 

4-22 

4-13 

4-10 

Next  seen 

4-10 

4-19 

4-13 

Common 

• 
4-13 

Last  seen 

Abundance  

Abundant 

142.     [614]     Iridoprocne  bicolor  (Vieill.).     Tree  Swallow. 

Abundant  migrant.     April  5  to  30.     A  common  summer  resident  in 
1886  (C.  H.  B.). 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1885 

1902 

1903 

Observer  .... 

C  H  B 

W  L  M 

W  L  M 

First  seen  
Next  seen 

4-15 
4  16 

4-5 
4  1Q 

4-5 
4  10 

Common 

4  22 

4  5 

Last  seen 

4  30 

Abundance    .   .. 

143.      [616]     Riparla  rlparia  (Linn. ).     Bank  Swallow.* 

Abundant  migrant  and  common  summer  resident.     April  G.     Young 
learning  to  fly,  June  4,  1902  (C.  G.  L.). 


132 


MIGRATION    RECOED. 


Year 

18S4 

1885. 

1900 

1902 

1903 

Observer                   •  .                   .... 

A.  W.  B. 

C  H.B. 

N.  B.  M. 

W.  L   M 

W   L  M 

First  seen  
Next  seen  
Common  

4-6 

4-15 
4-16 
4-25 

4-17 

4-20 
4-20 

4-13 

4-13 
4-14 
4-22 

Last  seen 

Abm  dance 

144.     [617]     Stelgidopteryx  sempenn'w  ( And. ).     Rough- winged.  Swallow. 

Common  migrant  and  rather  common  summer  resident.  April  13. 
B.  W.  Evermann  found  them  abundant  and  mating  at  Gosport,  May  8, 
1886.  Many  nests  were  nearly  complete. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year 

1885 

1886 

1903. 

Observer 

C  H  B 

B.  W.  E. 

W.  L.M. 

First  seen 

4-18 

W.  S.  B. 
5-1 

4-13 

Next  seen 

4-22 

5-8 

4-14 

Common 

4-25 

5-8 

4-22 

Last  seen 

Abundance 

Com  mon. 

Rare. 

Common. 

145.  [619]     Ampelis  cedrornm  (Vieill.).     Cedar  Waxwing. 

Common  summer  resident;  irregular  at  other  seasons  of  the  year, 
sometimes  entirely  absent  for  considerable  periods,  and  again  appearing 
in  large  numbers  for  a  longer  or  shorter  time. 

Nest  and  two  eggs  about  six  feet  up  in  an  isolated  cedar,  June  13, 
1902  (C.  G.  L.). 

146.  [621]     Lauiun  boreal!*  Vieill.     Northern  Shrike. 

Although  stated  to  be  a  rare  winter  visitor  by  C.  H.  Bollman  in  1886, 
there  are  no  actual  records  for  this  region  except  those  of  February  8, 
and  23,  1902.  It  Avas  observed  in  Brown  County,  November  18,  1894 
(E.  M.  K.). 


133 

147.     [622e]     Lanius  ludoriciannx  migrans  (W.  Palmer.).     Migrant  Slirike.* 
Uncommon    summer    resident.      March    3    to    December    1.      Rare    in 

winter  (W.  S.  B.).     February  1G,  1901  (V.  H.  B.). 

Mating  and  attempts  at  song,  March  15,  1903.     The  song  resembles 

some  of  the  more  harsh  calls  of  the  Blue  Jay.     May  10,  1903,  nest  and 

five  young  just  hatched,  ten  feet  up  in  a  hedge  (C.  G.  L.). 


MIGRATION    KECOKD. 


Year 

1885 

1886 

1892 

1893 

1901 

Observer  
first  seen 

C.H.B. 
4-1 

W.S.  B. 

S-^S 

A.B.U. 

3-25 

E.M.K. 

3  15 

W.  L.  M. 

3-3 

Next  seen  

4-17 

3-17 

Common   ... 

Last  seen  ....         ... 

Abundance  

Rare. 

Rare 

Rare 

Year  

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

1903. 

Observer  
Fir.*t  seen 

W.  L.  M. 

3-23 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 
3-11 

W.L.M. 

Next  seen 

3-15 

Common 

Last  seen  

11-30 

12-1 

Abundance  ... 

Common. 

Common 

148.     [624]     Vii-eo  olmtcewt  (Liuii.).     Red-eyed  Vireo.*    Fig.  23, 

Abundant  migrant  and  summer  resident.     April  19  to  October  2. 
Song  April  28,  1903;  mating  April  29.     Nest  with  three  eggs  of  the 
owner  and  one  of  a  Cowbird,  May  25,  '03.     This  nest  was  about  four 
feet  high,   attached  to  a  limb  of  a  small  cedar  bush  and  thickly   sur- 
rounded by  blackberry  vines. 

This  far  from  shy  bird  with  its  persistent  song  is  found  absolutely 
everywhere  in  the  height  of  its  migration.  It  sings  as  long  as  it  is  here; 
one  was  heard  singing  September  20,  1903. 


134 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1892. 

1893 

Observer  
First  seen  

C.  H.B. 

4-21 
4-22 

C.  H..B. 

B.W.E. 
C.H.B. 

4-23 
4-24 

G.G.W. 

4-27 

E.M.  K. 

4-27 

E.  M.  K. 

5-1 

4-25 

10-2 

Abundant 

Abundant 

Abundant 

Com  mon 

Common. 

Year    

1899. 

1900. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903 

1903. 

Observer  
First  seen    

N.  B.M. 

4-26 

N.  B.  M. 
5-2 

W.  L.  M. 

4-23 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

4-19 

W.  L.  M. 

Next  seen  

4  29 
4-29 

5-7 
5-8 

4-25 

4-27 

4-27 
4-29 

La*t  seen 

9-28 


9-20 

Abundance  

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Abund  int. 

Abundant. 

149.     [626]     Vireo  Philadelphia^  (Cass.).     Philadelphia  Vireo. 

Rare  migrant.  April  28th  to  September  28th.  The  dates  are  earlier 
and  later  respectively  than  the  hitherto  recorded  extremes  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Vireo's  stay  in  Indiana.  Rare  summer  resident  (B.  W.  E.,  '87). 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


1885. 


190> 


C.  H.B. 

C.  H.B. 

W.L.  M. 

4-30 

4-28 

5-4 

Last  seen                            

9-28 

Abundance         ....             ...                 

Rare. 

Rare. 

Rare. 

150.     [627]     Vireo  gilvm  (Vieill.).     Warbling  Vireo.* 

Common  summer  resident.     April  21   to  October  JO.     Song  April  28, 
1903. 


135 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year 

1855 

1835 

1886 

1837 

1892 

1903 

Observer  
First  seen  
Next  seen  

C.H.  B. 

4-21 
4-22 

C.H.B. 

C.H.B. 
B.  W.E. 

4-25 
4-27 

G.  G.  W. 

4-28 

A.B.U. 

5-7 

W.  L.  M. 

4-28 
4-29 

Coui  mon 

4-28 

4  28 

Last  seen  

10-10 

Abundance  

Abundant 

Common 

151.     [628]      Vir<-o  tf<«->,fr< >ux  Vieill.     Yello w- throated  Vireo.* 

Common  migrant.  April  16  to  May  13;  September  1  to  October  19; 
the  extreme  dates  are  the  limits  of  its  residence  in  the  State.  Perhaps 
rare  summer  resident;  its  nest  was  found  in  Brown  County,  May  16, 
1897  (V.  H.  B.).  Song  April  29,  1903.  In  the  fall  of  1902  Yellow-throated 
Vireos  were  found  wherever  there  was  undergrowth. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year 

1885 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1896 

Observer 

C  H  B 

C  H  B 

B.  W.E. 

G   G   W 

A  W  B 

First  seen  
Next  seen  

4-20 

4-22 

9-12 
9-15 

C.  H.  B. 

4-16 

4-17 

4-25 

4-20 

Co  nun  on   

Last  seen  

5-13 

9-28 

Abundance  

Common. 

Common. 

Year  

1901. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

1903. 

Observer  
First  seen  . 

W.  L.  M. 

5-6 

W.  L.  M. 
4-25 

W.  L.  M. 

9  1 

W.  L.  M. 

4  24 

W.L.M. 

Next  seen. 

4-27 

10  5 

4  28 

Common     .  ... 

10-19 

Last  seen  

10-1  Q 

9-29 

Abundance  

136 

152.     [629]     Vireo  solitarius  (Wils.  }.     Blue-headed  Vireo. 

Rather  uncommon  migrant.    April  28  to  May  17.     September  10  to  28. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1885. 

1886 

1892 

1895 

1903 

Observer  

C.H.  B. 

C.H.  B. 

G  G.  W 

E.  M   K 

ABU 

W  L  M 

First  seen  
Next  seen  

4-28 
4-30 

9-16 
9-18 

5-1 

5-9 

4-28 

4-29 
5-13 

Common  

Last  seen  

5-17 

9-28 

5-13 

Abundance 

Rare 

Rare 

153.     [631]     Vireo  noveboracensit  (Gmel. ).     White-eyed  Vireo.     Fig.  24. 

Abundant  summer  resident.    April  17  to  September  20. 

Song  April  28,  1903,  to  September  20,  1903.  May  5,  1903,  a  nest  was 
nearly  completed.  It  was  found  along  a  narrow,  little-frequented  road, 
and  was  attached  on  one  side  to  a  cedar  limb,  and  to  a  blackberry 
vine  on  the  other.  It  was  about  four  feet  high.  On  April  11,  this  nest 
contained  two  Cowbird's  eggs  and  one  of  the  Vireo  (C.  G.  L.). 

Abundant  and  vociferous  in  the  spring  migration.  Every  thicket  is 
filled  with  the  jargon  of  its  song. 

The  date  of  April  17,  1903,  is  given  on  the  authority  of  a  Nature  Study 
Class. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year   ... 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1892. 

Observer  
First  seen 

C.  H.  B. 

4-21 

C.H.B. 

C.H.B. 
B.W.  E. 
G.  G.  W. 

4-25 

G.  G.  W. 

4-25 

A.B.U. 

5-7 

Next  seen                       .  . 

4-22 

4-28 

4-26 

Common      

4-25 

5-8 

4-30 

Last  seen  

9-2 

Abundance   

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

137 


Year  

1893. 

1899. 

1900. 

1903. 

1903 

Observer  
First  seen  
Next  seen  

E.M.K. 

4-30 
5-6 

N.B.  M. 

5-1 
5-4 

N.B.M. 

4-21 

W.L.M. 

4-17* 
4-24 

W.  L.  M. 

Common  

4-29 

Last  seen 

9-20 

Abundance         .   .                 

'•'•See  above. 


154.     [636]     Mniotilta  varia  (Linn.  ).     Black  and  White  Warbler.* 

Common  migrant  and  rare  summer  resident.  Considered  a  common 
summer  resident  in  1886  by  C.  H.  Bollmann.  April  7  to  October  4.  Song 
April  28,  1903. 

In  spring  you  will  find  this  striped  vision  only  on  the  trunks  of  the 
larger  forest  trees.  Although  you  are  searching  for  him  and  feel  sure  of 
his  presence,  the  actual  discovery  is  always  a  surprise.  This  little  flake 
of  sharply  contrasted  colors  makes  its  appearance  so  quickly  that  we 
find  it  difficult  to  realize  that  it  is  not  a  piece  of  bark  suddenly  possessed 
of  life,  but  our  own  dear  .'ittle  Black  and  White  Creeper  that  is  before 
us.  In  Autumn  he  is  more  democratic  and  is  often  found  in  lowly 
thickets.  Is  it  not  because  we  are  sated  with  discovery,  that  the  thrill 
of  last  spring  is  not  felt  when  this  leader  of  the  band  of  wood  warblers  is 
espied?  Is  it  not  because  we  have  met  the  timid  glance  of  the  rare  Cape 
May,  or  the  gaudy  Magnolia  through  the  interlacing  branches,  or  that 
here  the  Redstart  spins  his  glowing  pin-wheel,  that  the  Black  and  White 
Warbler  is  not  again  hailed  as  a  distinguished  visitor  when  we  see  him 
in  September  clinging  to  the  slender  stem  of  the  hazel,  inspecting  its  sur- 
face or  gracefully  reaching  out  for  the  slow-descending  caterpillar? 

Yes,  we  think  the  reason  lies  with  the  observer  and  not  with  the 
observed;  for  we  are  surely  not  at  our  best  when  we  slight  our  tiny 
friend  ever  so  little  in  the  greeting.  He  remains  always  the  most  at- 
tractive, the  most  dear  of  his  wooclsv  clan. 


138 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1893. 

C.  H.  B. 

C.  H.  B. 

G.  G.  W. 

G.  G.  W. 

E.  M.K. 

4-17 

C.  H.  B. 

4-17 

4-20 

4-7 

4-18 

4-18 

4-27 

4-24 

9-28 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Year 

1901. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer  

W.  L.M. 

5-4 

W.L.  M. 

4-27 

W.  L.  M. 

9-1 

W'.  L.  M. 

4  24 

9-7 

4-28 

4-28 

10-4 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

155.  [637]     Protonotaria  citira  (Bodd. ).     Prothonotary  Warbler. 

Rare  migrant.  "Mr.  Chauncey  Juday  reports  it  from  Monroe  County, 
where  a  specimen  was  taken  at  Harrodsburg,  April  26,  1895"  (A.  W. 
Butler).  E.  M.  Kindle  reported  it  May  28,  1892.  As  nests  and  eggs  of  this 
species  have  been  taken  in  other  parts  of  the  State  at  an  earlier  date 
than  this,  it  is  possible  that  the  Prothonotary  Warbler  may  be  found 
here  as  a  rare  summer  resident. 

156.  [639]     Ilelnutheros  vermivorus  (Gmel. ).     Worm-eating  Warbler. 
Common  migrant  and  "rather  common  summer  resident"  (B.  W.  E.). 

April  20  to  August  31.  Song  May  4,  1902.  "Prof.  W.  S.  Blatchley  took 
a  nest  and  six  fresh  eggs,  and  one  of  the  Cowbird,  near  Bloornington, 
May  12,  1886.  The  nest  was  at  the  base  of  a  clump  of  ferns,  and  was 
composed  of  the  leaves  of  'Maiden  Hair'  fern.  The  next  day  Prof.  B.  W. 
Evermann  took  a  nest  from  a  similar  location,  containing  five  of  the 
owner's  eggs  and  two  of  the  Cowbird"  (A.  W.  Butler). 

Common  in  the  fall  of  1903  in  the  undergrowth  along  creeks. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer                          

C.H.B. 

C.  H.  B. 

W.  S.  B. 

W.L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

4-20 

B.  AY  .  E. 

5-1 

4-27 

4-28 

Next  seen  

4-21 

5-4 

5-4 

4-28 

La-t  seen                             

8-3  1 

Abundance   

Common. 

Common. 

Rare. 

Common. 

Common. 

157.     [641]     Hcliiiiitthoiilttla  pinus  (Linn.).     Blue- winged  Warbler.* 

Abundant  migrant.  Rare  summer  resident  (C.  H.  B.— B.  W.  E.). 
April  19  to  September  28.  Song  April  19,  1903. 

Orchards  and  open  woods  are  the  favorite  haunts  of  the  Blue-winged 
Yellow  Warbler. 

On  a  bright  day  after  a  rainy  morning  in  April,  1903,  warblers  of  this 
species  were  observed  to  move  from  one  part  of  the  country  to  another 
about  three  miles  away  in  from  six  to  eight  hours.  In  the  morning 
they  were  plentiful  in  the  orchard  and  clearings  south  of  the  city,  while 
none  were  to  be  observed  anywhere  north  of  town.  In  the  afternoon 
these  conditions  were  reversed,  they  were  common  and  singing  in  the 
orchards  north  of  town,  while  they  were  entirely  absent  in  the  places 
where  they  had  been  seen  in  the  morning.  Their  movements  even  for 
the  shortest  distances  were  always  in  the  same  direction,  they  flew  from 
limb  to  limb,  from  tree  to  tree,  in  the  same  general  trend,  toward  the 
north. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer  
First  seen 

C.H.B. 

4-20 

C.H.B. 

B.  W.  E. 

4-27 

G.  G.  W. 

4-28 

W.  L.  M. 

4-23 

W.  L;   M. 

W.  L.M. 
4-19 

Next  seen    .  . 

4-28 

4-29 

4-28 

4  19 

Last  seen 

8-31 

9-98 

Abundance.  .  . 

Rare. 

Rare. 

Common. 



Common. 

Common. 

Abundant. 

140 


158.  [642]     Helminthophila  chrysoptqra  (Linn. ).     Golden-winged  Warbler. 
Very  rare  migrant.     April  27,  1887  (G.  G.  W.);  28,  1901;  May  4,  1886 

(G.  G.  W.). 

159.  [645]     Helminthophila  rubricapilla  (Wils.).     Nashville  Warbler.* 
"Common  in  spring,  abundant  in  fall"  (C.  H.  B.,  1886).     "In  Monroe 

County  it  was  rather  common,  April  27  to  May  1,  1886  (Evermann,. 
Blatchley)"  [A.  W.  Butler].  During  the  last  few  years  the  Nashville 
Warbler  has  been  a  more  rare  bird  than  the  above  quotations  indicate. 
One  or  two  records  in  a  migration  has  been  as  much  as  could  be  hoped 
for  concerning  this  species.  April  24  to  May  11.  August  26  to  October  10. 

MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Year  .           

1885. 

1885. 

1886 

1899 

Observer             

C.  H.B. 

C.H.  B. 

B.  W.  E. 

N  B  M, 

First  seen  

4-25 

8-26 

W.  S.  B. 

4-27 

5-5 

Next  seen     

4-26 

9-22 

Common    

Last  seen  

5-11 

10-10 

5-1 

Abundance  

Common. 

Abundant. 

Common. 

Year..                   

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1903. 

Observer  
First  seen  

C.H.E. 

4-29 

W.L.M. 

4-24 

W.  L.  M. 

4-29 

W.L.  M. 

Next  seen  

Last  seen 

10-2 

Abundance 

Rare 

Rare. 

Rare. 

Rare 

160.  [646]     Helminthophila  celata  (Say).     Orange- crowned  Warbler. 
Very  rare  migrant.     One  record;  May  4,  1885  (C.  H.  B.). 

161.  [647]     Helminthophila  pcregrina  ( Wils. ).     Tennessee  Warbler.* 

"Not  common  in  spring,  abundant  in  fall"  (C.  H.  B.,  1886).  April  26 
to  May  16.  August  30  to  October  17.  "At  Bloomington,  both  Profs. 
Blatchley  and  E'vermann  thought  it  less  numerous  than  the  Nashville 
Warbler"  (A.  W.  Butler).  Decidedly  the  reverse  is  the  case  now.  One 


141 


may  observe  in  spring  a  hundred  of  the  present  species  to  one  of  the 
Nashville  Warbler,  and  in  fall  a  thousand.  The  Tennessee  Warblers,  in 
the  latter  season,  literally  fill  all  the  trees,  whether  the  neatly-trimmed 
maples  along  the  city  streets  or  the  magnificent  oaks  of  the  forest.  The 
underbrush  is  alive  with  them,  they  are  in  the  weeds,  in  briars,  and  in 
the  stubble.  Swamp  and  hilltop,  cultivated  field  and  forest,  alike,  are 
animated  by  the  hordes  of  Tennessee  Warblers.  They  are  everywhere. 

MIGRATION   RECOED. 


Year  

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1890. 

1900. 

1903. 

1903. 

Observer  

C.  H.  B. 
4-26 

C.H.B. 

4-30 

C.H.B 

4-27 

A.  W.  B 

N.  B.  M. 

W.L.  M. 

W.L.  M. 

4-30 

9-4 

9-11 

5-3 

Last  seen          

5-14 

10-7 

5-10 

5-12 

5-16 

10-2 

Abundance  

Rare. 

Abundant. 

Rare. 

Common 

Rare. 

Abundant. 

162.  [648a]  Compsothlypis  americana  usnese  Brewster.  Northern  Parula 
Warbler. 

Rare  migrant. 

In  accordance  with  A.  W.  Butler's  precedent,  birds  from  Monroe 
County  are  referred  to  this  subspecies. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year                   

1885. 

1886. 

C  H  B 

G.  G.W. 

4-21 

W.  S.  B. 

4-24 

Next  seen 

4-27 

Rare 

Rare. 

163.     [650]     Dendroica  tigrina  (Gmel. ).     Cape  May  Warbler. 

Rather  rare  migrant.    April  22  to  May  11.     September  27  to  October  7. 
In  the  fall  of  1903,  the  writer  observed  this  species  and  the  Tennes- 


142 


see  Warbler  puncturing  grapes.  They  thrust  their  bills  into  the  grapes 
and  after  poking  around  inside  a"  little  lifted  their  heads  and  acted  as  if 
drinking.  After  being  punctured,  the  grapes,  of  course,  shrivelled  and 
became  worthless.  Scarcely  a  grape,  and  not  a  cluster  were  missed  in 
the  arbor  under  observation.  The  damage,  however,  was  not  great,  as 
the  birds  did  not  begin  their  depredations  until  after  the  owners  had 
harvested  as  much  of  the  crop  as  they  desired. 

The  males  arrive  and  depart  earlier  than  the  females. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1885. 

1885. 

1886 

1899. 

1903 

Observer  
First  seen  

C.II.B. 

cT4-22 

C.II.B. 

P4-24 

C.  H.B. 

9-27 

C.  H.  B. 
G.  G.W. 

4-24 

N.B.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

4-23 

4-30 

5-1 

5-5 

Last  seen  

5-8 

5-11 

10-7 

5-5 

5-8 

9-29 

Rare. 

Rare. 

Rare. 

Rare. 

Rare 

164.      [652]     Dendfoicx  u-xtira  (Gmel.).     Yellow  Warbler.* 

Abundant  summer  resident.    April  12  to  August  24. 

.  S'ong  April  26,  1903;  mating  April  27.  Nest  and  eggs  May  4,  1902. 
May  30,  1903.  Nest  with  four,  well-incubated  eggs,  in  the  top  fork  of  a 
small  plum  tree  about  20  feet  from  the  ground  (C.  G.  L.). 

Very  common  in  orchards;  a  persistent  songster. 

The  earliest  record  for  the  State  is  April  4,   1894  (E.   M.   K.),   from 
Brown  County. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year.. 

18C5. 

1885. 

J886 

1887 

1892 

Observer 

C   II.  B. 

C.  H.  B 

B.  W.  E. 
C  H  B 

G  G  W 

ABU 

First  seen 

4-21 

G.  G.  W. 

4-22 

4-25 

4  3Q 

Next  seen 

4-22 

4-°'  3 

Common  
Last   een  
Abundaene  

4-24 
Abundant 

8-24 
Abundant 

5-1 
Rare. 

....'''.. 





143 


Year    

1893. 

1S99. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer  

E.  M.K. 

4-26 

N.B.M. 

4-29 

W.L.M. 

5-6 

W.  L.  M. 

4-19 

W.  L.  M. 

4-12 

4-23 

4-24 

Common  

4-26 

4-29 



4-27 

4-27 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Abundant. 

165.     [654]     Dendroica  curHlwrnx  (Gmel, ).     Black- throated  Blue  Warbler. 
Rather   uncommon   migrant.     April  30  to  May  13.     September  1  to 
October  4. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year                 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer  
First  seen  

C.  H.B. 

4-30 
5-3 

C.  H.  B. 

9-18 

G.  G.  W. 

5-7 

G.  G.  W. 

5-2 

W.L.M. 

9-1 

9-28 

W.L.M. 

4-30 

Last  seen 

5-13 

10-4 

5-12 

Rare 

Rare 

Rare 



166.      [655]     Dendroica  coronata  (Linn.).     Myrtle  Warbler.* 

Common  migrant  and  not  rare  winter  resident.  September  24  to 
May  13.  First  in  full  plumage  March  25,  1903.  In  winter  this  species 
seems  to  prefer  certain  restricted  localities;  most  of  the  individuals  that 
have  been  seen  here  in  winter  have  been  found  in  a  dense  pine  and  cedar 
grove,  but  in  the  winter  of  1902-1903,  some  were  seen  at  two  other  places— 
an  open  forest  near  a  pond  and  an  old  orchard. 

Recorded  as  wintering  in  1882-3;  1884-5;  1885-6;  1886-7;  1891-2;  1892-3; 
1899-1900;  1900-01;  1902-3. 

The  record  of  the  appearance  of  individuals  in  different  stages  of 
plumage  for  a  year  is  as  follows:  those  seen  at  intervals  through  January, 
February  and  part  of  March  were  in  the  usual  winter  dress.  On  the 
tenth  of  March  (1903)  the  first  change  was  noted.  A  single  Yellowrurnp 


144 

was  found  in  some  bushes  along  a  street  in  town.  The  side-spots  were 
large  and  brilliant  as  was  also-  the  rump.  The  back  had  the  sharply 
denned  black  and  gray  streaking,  but  the  head  and  breast  were  as  in 
winter.  March  21,  a  specimen  in  winter  plumage  was  seen;  March  23, 
two  individuals,  one  in  full  plumage  with  the  exception  of  the  crown- 
spot  which  was  somewhat  obscured  by  dark  tips  to  the  feathers,  the 
other  in  the  usual  autumnal  and  winter  garb.  March  25,  four  Myrtle 
Warblers  were  seen,  and  of  these,  one  had  the  winter  plumage,  two  had 
yellow  crown  and  rump  but  no  side-spots,  and  one  was  brilliant  in  a  new 
and  complete  spring  suit.  March  27,  one  with  winter  colors;  March  30, 
one  in  complete  and  one  in  winter  plumage;  April  1,  two  like  the  last. 
April  3,  three  specimens  with  all  the  spots  showing  but  only  dimly  on  the 
sides  and  crown.  After  April  3  all  mentioned  are  in  full  plumage  unless 
otherwise  stated.  April  5,  two,  one  in  winter  dress;  April  8,  four,  one 
in  winter  plumage;  April  11,  four;  April  12,  twelve;  April  14,  three,  two  of 
which  were  clothed  as  in  winter;  April  15,  four;  April  19,  six,  one  looking 
just  as  he  did  in  January,  and  he  was  the  last  one  observed  in  this 
plumage,  although  of  twenty-one  seen  on  April  28,  two  were  still  in 
transition  stages  of  plumage.  Thus  fifty  days  elapsed  between  the  first 
and  last  observed  changes  in  plumage,  and,  half  as  many  days  passed 
between  the  appearance  of  summer  dress  and  the  vanishing  of  winter 
garb. 

In  the  fall  the  first  yellowrumps  were  seen  on  October  12  (1902).  Of 
thirty  individuals,  one  had  the  sides  yellow,  while  all  of  the  others  had 
already  assumed  the  sombre  shades  of  winter  plumage.  October  26, 
fourteen  of  these  birds  were  observed  and  one  was  still  in  nearly  perfect 
summer  condition,  the  crown  and  sides  being  only  slightly  dusted  with 
darker.  All  others  seen  during  the  remainder  of  the  year  were  in  ordi- 
nary winter  plumage.  From  these  observations  it  may  be  seen  that, 
although  about  eight  months  are  consumed  in  the  change  from  winter, 
through  summer,  back  to  winter  plumage  again,  by  the  species  as  a 
whole,  yet  it  is  possible  that  some  individuals  may  complete  this  cycle 
of  changes  in  six  months. 

On  December  14,  1902,  a  Myrtle  Warbler  was  seen  flying  in  somewhat 
wide  sweeps,  like  a  flycatcher,  but,  hovering,  he  gleaned  from  the  trees, 
fences  and  the  ground,  and  not  from  the  air. 


145 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  188*. 

1884. 

•1885. 

1885. 

1885. 

1887. 

Observer   B.  W.E 

C.H.  E. 

C.  H.B. 

C.H.  B. 

C.H.B. 

G.G.W. 

First  seen                              2-10 

3-21 

cfl-31 

P4-25 

9-24 

2- 

Next  seen  

4-17 
5-2 

4-30 
5-8 

9-25 
10-7 

5-11 

5-13 

5-4 

Abundance                        Common. 

Abundant 

Abundar  t 

Abundant. 

Common. 

Year  

1892. 

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer  

A.B.  U. 

N.  B.  M. 

W.L.M. 
C.II.E 

W.L.  M. 

W.L.M. 

W.L.M. 

First  seen  

2-19 

3-23 

10-12 

Next  seen  

3-31 

3-38 

10-26 

Common  

4-29 

10-12 

4-12 

La>  t  seen        

4-29 

5-1 

4-27 

5-3 

Common 

Common 

Common 

Common. 

Common. 

167.     [657]     Dendroica  macidosa  (Gmel. ).     Magnolia  Warbler.* 

Rather  common  migrant.  May  5  to  24.  August  31  to  October  4.  In 
woods  with  undergrowth,  you  will  find  this  warbler  spying  upon  you  from 
the  lower  limbs  of  the  maples  and  beeches,  or  peeping  through  the  net- 
work of  leaves  and  branches  of  the  thickets.  He  always  has  the  attitude 
of  peering.  His  black  spectacles  set  off  with  white  dots  only  enhance 
this  expression. 

Females  were  not  seen  until  May  8,  1885. 

MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887 

1889 

1902 

Observer  
First  seen  

C.H.B. 

5-5 

C.H.B. 

8-31 

G.G.  W. 

5-8 

G.  G.  W. 

5-5 

N.  B.M. 

5-10 

W.  L.  M. 

9-1 

Next  seen 

5-8 

9-6 

5-14 

9  7 

Common  

9-12 

9-28 

Last  seen  

5-24 

9-19 

5-14 

10-4 

Abundance  

Common. 

Common. 

Rare. 

10— A.  OF  SCIENCE,  '04. 


146 


168.     [658]     Dendroica  cerulea  (Wils.).     Cerulean  Warbler. 

Common  migrant;  not  common  summer  resident  (G.  G.  W.— N.  B.  M.). 
The  males  precede  the  females  in  migration. 

MIGRATION    EECORD. 


Year 

1885 

1885 

1886 

1887 

C.  H   B 

C  H.B 

W.S.B. 

G  G  W 

First  seen                         .  . 

c?4-28 

P5-9 

C.  H.  B. 

4-23 

4-27 

Next  eeen  .     .             ...             .           .... 

5-4 

5-10 

4-24 

4-28 

Common                  ....         

Last  seen  .               

Abundance  

Com  noon. 

Common. 

Common  . 

Common. 

Year 

1892. 

1900. 

1901. 

1903 

Observer 

A.B.U 

N.B.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

First  seen     ....                                          .... 

'4-30 

5-5 

5-4 

4-28 

Next  seen 

5-7 

Common    ....          

Last  seen          

Abundance  

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

169.     [659]     Dendroica  perwylvanica  (Linn. ).     Chestnut-sided  Warbler. 

Rather  common  migrant.    April  21  to  May  10.  August  28  to  September 
15. 

The  first  migrants  are  males. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  .        

1885. 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1892. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer  
First  seen  
Next  seen 

C.  H.  B. 

c?4-21 
4-28 

C.H.  B. 

P4-28 
4-30 

C.H.  B. 

8-28 
8-29 

G.  G.W. 
B.W.E. 

5-4 

5-8 

A.B.U. 

5-7 

C.H.E. 

4-29 

W.L.M. 

5-5 

AV.L.M. 

5-7 

Common 

8-31 

Last  seen  . 

5-10 

9-15 

Abundance  

Common 

Common 

Common 

Common 

Rare. 

147 

170.     [660]     Dendroica  castanea  (Wils. ).     Bay-breasted  Warbler. 

Rather  rare  migrant.  April  29  to  May  13.  September  18  to  October 
10.  The  limiting  dates  each  extend  the  recorded  period  of  its  stay  in 
Indiana  one  day. 

MIGEATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1886. 

1903. 

1903. 

Observer  . 

C  H  B 

B.  W.  E. 

W  L  M 

W  L  M 

First  seen       

9-18 

G.  (T.  W. 

5-4 

4-29 

Next  seen    

9-19 

5-6 

Common      

10-3 

Last  seen  

10-10 

5-8 

5-13 

10-3 

Abundance 

Hare 

Rare 

Rare 

171.      [661]     Dendroica  xtriata  (Forst.).     Black -poll  Warbler. 

Rather  rare  migrant.  April  28  to  May  19.  September  18  to  October 
26. 

The  last  date  for  the  species  in  1885,  May  19,  was  the  date  of  arrival 
of  the  females.  October  26,  is  the  latest  record  for  this  State.  The  last 
one  taken  in  1903  was  a  female. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  ... 

1885 

1885 

1902 

1903 

Observer 

C   H   B 

C  H  B 

W  L  M 

W   L  M 

First  seen 

4-28 

9  18 

Next  seen 

5-13 

9-19 

Common  

9-25 

Last  seen  

5-19 

10-12 

10-26 

5  13 

Abundance  

Rare 

Rare 

Rare 

172.     [662]     Dendroica  blarkhuntfiv  (Gmel.  ).     Blackburiiian  Warbler. 

Rather  rare  migrant.     April  21  to  May  14.     August  27  to  October  10. 


148 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year    ...                          

1885. 

1885 

18*5 

1886 

Observer             .        

C.  H.  B. 

C.  H.  B. 

C.  H  B 

B  W  E 

First  seen    

c?4-21 

P5-13 

8-27 

4-27 

Next  seen  

5-2 

5-14 

8-30 

Common  

Last  seen 

5-14 

5-14 

10-10 

Abundance 

Common 

Common 

Rare 

Rare 

Year 

1892 

1901 

1902 

1903 

Observer 

ABU. 

W  L   M 

W.  L  M 

W  L  M 

First  seen 

5-7 

5-7 

9-1 

4-28 

Next  seen 

Common                 .          .... 

Last  seen        ....                   .                

Abundance  

Rare. 

Rare. 

Rare. 

173.     [663a]     Dendroica  dominica  albilora  Ridgw.     Sycamore  Warbler.* 

Common  migrant;  not  uncommon  summer  resident  (B.  W.  E.,  '87). 
April  12  to  October  9. 

Song  and  mating  April  12,  1903. 

On  September  18,  1902,  it  seemed  that  every  shade  tree  in  town  con- 
tained five  or  six  of  these  birds;  sometimes  they  descended  and  fed  for 
a  short  time  in  the  lawns.  Some  were  also  seen  feeding  upon  ragweeds. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1892. 

1893. 

Observer 

C.  H.  B. 

C.  H.  B. 

B.  W.  E. 

E.  W.  K. 

E.  W.K. 

First  seen 

4-21 

A.  W.  B. 

4-14 

4-21 

4-16 

4-24 

4-16 

4-27 

5-16 

9-27 

Abundance 

Common 

Rare. 

149 


Year     

1901. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

5-5 

4-23 

4-12 

4-27 

4-19 

4-23 

9-28 

4-28 

10-9 

Abundance.  .  . 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

174.     [667]     Dendroica .  viirw  (Gmel.).     Black-throated  Green  Warbler.* 
Abundant  migrant.     April  18  to  May  1C.     September  1  to  October  17. 

These  dates  indicate  a  longer  stay  in  this  county  than  has  heretofore 

been  recorded  for  the  State. 

In  spring  this  species  is  nearly  confined  to  the  woods,  in  fall  it  is 

found  everywhere. 

The  males  arrive  and  depart  earlier  than  the  females. 


MIGRATION    EECORD. 


Year    

1885. 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1892. 

Observer  

C.  H.  B. 

C.H.  B. 

C.  H.  B. 

G.  a.  w. 

C.  H.  B. 

G.  G.W. 

E.  M.K. 

First  seen             

c?4-20 

£5-5 

9-11 

B.W.  E. 

4-18 

4-25 

Next  seen     

4-21 

5-9 

9-12 

4-22 

4-28 

(  'ommon  

5-9 

5-9 

9-18 

4-23 

Last  seen  

5-13 

5-14 

10-17 

5-4 

5-7 

5  7 

Abundance 

Abundant 

Abundant 

Abundant 

Year  .             .                              

1901. 

1902 

1902 

1903 

1903 

Observer     

W.L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L   M. 

W.  L.  M 

W  L.  M 

First  seen  

9-1 

4-27 

Next  seen 

9-7 

4-28 

Common        ..    .   . 

4-27 

Last  seen  .... 

5-7 

5-4 

10-5 

5-16 

10-2 

Abundance  

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Abundant 

150 


175.      [671]     Dendroica  vigorsii,  (And. ).     Pine  Warbler. 
Rare  migrant.     April  23-26.     September  7-29. 

MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Year                           

1885. 

1885. 

1886 

1902 

1903 

Observer  
First  seen  

C.  H.B. 

4-23 

C.H.B. 

W.S.  B. 
4-C6 

W.L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

Next  seen  

Common  

Last  seen  

9-27 

9-7 

9-29 

Abundance 

Rare 

Rare 

Rare 

Rare 

176.      [672]     Dendroica  palmamm  (Gmel. ).     Palm  Warbler.* 

Common  migrant.     April  2d  to  May  13.     September  22-27.     "Rare  in 

188G  but  usually  a  common  migrant"  (-C.  H.  B.,  '86). 
Found  in  orchards  and  open  woods. 
The  males  appear  to  migrate  slightly  in  advance  of  the  females. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year 

1885 

1885 

1885 

1886 

Observer  

First  seen  
Next  seen  .          

C.H.B. 

J4-23 
4-25 

C.H.B. 

P4-25 
5-2 

C.H.B. 

9-22 

C.H.B. 
W.  S.  B. 
G.  G.W. 

4  24 
4-26 

Common  

5-3 

5-3 

Last  seen  

5-13 

5-13 

9-27 

5-6 

Abundance  :  

Common. 

Common. 

Not  Common. 

Rare. 

Year  

1887 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer                .        .         .                     .... 

G.G.  W. 

W.L.M. 

W.  L.  M. 

Fir&t  seen             .                      ....                        

4-27 

4-30 

Next  seen     .  .        

5-1 

5-3 

Last  seen 

5-4 

5-5 

Abundance 

Rare. 

Common. 

151 


177.      [673]     Dendfoica  discolor  (Vieill. ).     Prairie  Warbler. 

Rare  migrant.    April  26  to  May  16.     Song  May  12  and  16,  1903. 
Has  always  been  found  in  deeply-thicketed  woods. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


1885. 

1900. 

1903. 

Observer  

C.  H.B. 

4-26 

N.  B.  M. 

5  5 

W.  L.  M. 

5-12 

5-16 

Rare 

Rare. 

178.     [674]     Sehii-nx  aurompilhuf  (Linn. ).     Oven-bird. 

Common  summer  resident.     April  19  to  October  12.     Formerly  abund- 
ant (€.  H.  B.,  1886). 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1901. 

C.  H  B. 

C.  H.  B. 

C.  U.B. 

W.  L.  M. 

4-19 

4-22 

5-7 

Next  seen  
Common  .              

4-20 
4-25 

4-24 

10-3 

Abundant 

Abundant. 

Common. 

Common. 

1902 

1902. 

1903. 

1903. 

Observer     

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

4-90 

4-28 

10-12 

9-20 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

152 


179.     [675)     Seiurus  noveboracemis  (Gmel. ).     Water- Thrush. 

Common  migrant.     March' 27  to  May  5.     September  14  to  18.     Song 
April  12,  1903. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year 

1885. 

1885. 

1886 

1887 

1900 

1902 

1903 

Observer  
First  seen  
Next  seen  

C.H.  B. 
4-3 
4-4 

C.H.  B. 

9-14 

G.G.  W. 

4-17 
4-23 

G.  G.  W. 
4-11 
4-12 

X.B.M. 

4-17 
5-5 

W.L.M. 

3-27 
4-10     - 

W.  L.  M. 

4-12 
4-16 

Common  

4-5 

4-17 

4-28 

La/st  seen  

4-21 

9-18 

4-23 

5-5 

Abundance  

Abundant 

Common 

Common 

Common 

Common 

180.  [675a]      Seiums  noueboracemis  notabili*   (Ridgw. ).      GrinnelPs   Water- 

Thrush. 

Rare  migrant.  A  specimen  taken  April  23,  1886,  by  G.  G.  Williamson 
is  referred  to  this  form.  Probably  Grmnell's  Water-Thrush  will  be  found 
to  be  as  numerous  as  the  last  when  more  specimens  are  obtained  for 
exact  identification.  The  differences  are  rather  slight  and  more  relative 
than  absolute,  and  as  the  birds  seem  to  vary  considerably,  it  is  no 
wonder  that  there  has  been  no  distinction  made  between  the  two  forms 
in  the  migration  records. 

A  specimen  of  this  Water-Thrush  taken  at  Indianapolis,  May  14, 
1875  (D.  S.  Jordan),  shows  a  variation  in  a  generic  character.  All  parts  of 
definitions  of  the  genus  Selurus  and  of  keys  referring  to  the  tail 
feathers  are  substantially  as  the  following  from  Ridgway  (1902):  "Inner 
webs  of  lateral  rectrices  without  white  terminal  spot."  The  individual 
under  consideration  has  distinctly  marked,  white,  terminal  spots  on  the 
first  and  second  outer  rectrices  of  the  right  side,  and  slight  indications 
of  spots  on  the  two  opposite,  outermost  tail  feathers. 

181.  [676]     tieiurm  motacilla  (Vieill. ).     Louisiana  Water-Thrush. 
Rather  common  summer  resident.    March  to  September  1. 

Song  April  12,  1903.  May  10,  1903,  nest  and  six  eggs,  among  rocks 
and  roots  above  the  mouth  of  a  cave  (C.  G.  L.).  June  3,  1901,  nest  of 
leaves,  grass-lined,  under  an  overhanging  ledge  (at  the  same  place).  It 
contained  six  young  (W.  L.  H.). 

All  the  tangled  ravines  and  cascaded  cave  outlets  ring  with  the 
striking  song  of  the  Louisiana  Water-Thrush  in  April  and  early  May. 


153 


A  specimen  labeled,  Bloomington,  March,  1885,  Foster  Hight,  is  in  the 
University  collection.  It  has  been  recorded  as  early  in  Indiana  at  least 
once  before  (March  30,  '96— Sedan),  but  such  dates  are  rare. 

MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1886. 

1901. 

1902 

1902. 

. 

1903. 

C  H  B 

G.  G.W. 
B  W   E 

W  L    M 

W  L  M 

W  L  M 

W  L.M. 

First  seen  
Next  seen 

4-18 
4-19 

W.S.  B. 

4-4 

4-10 

4-12 

4-13 
4-20 

4-5 

4-7 

4  25 

4  27 

Last  seen. 

9-1 

Abundance 

Common. 

Common 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

182.     [677]     Geothlypisformosa  (Wila.).     Kentucky  Warbler. 

Common  summer  resident.     April  13  to  August  26. 

Song  May  3,  1903.  "They  were  found  breeding  near  Bloomington,  May 
6,  1886  (Evermann),  where  young  were  noted  just  out  of  the  nest,  June 
4,  1886  (Blatchley)"  [A.  W.  B.]. 

An  inhabitant  of  dense,  moist  thickets. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year          

1883. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

Observer  
Fir^t  Qeen 

C.H.  B. 

C.  H.  B. 
5-2 

B.W.E. 
W.S.  B. 

4-17 

G.  G.  W. 

5-7 

5-16 

4-27 

8-26 

Common 

Common. 

Year                                                     

1892. 

1899. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer  

A.B.  U. 

5-7 

N.  B.  M. 

4-13 

W.L.  M. 

4-24 

W.  L.  M. 

4-28 

4-15 

4-27 

5-3 

5-13 

Rare 

Common 

154 


183.  [678]     Geothlufjix  agili*  (Wils. ).     Connecticut  Warbler. 

Rare  migrant  (C.  H.  B.,  '80— B.  W.  E.,  '87).  April  27  and  May  6. 
1886  (B.  W.  E.).  May  18,  1885  (C.  H.  B.). 

184.  [679]     Geothlypin  Philadelphia  (Wils. ).     Mourning  Warbler. 

Rare  migrant.  Seen  on  the  IGth,  17th,  and  27th  of  May,  1885,  by 
C.  H.  Bollmann. 

185.  [681]     Geothfiiiti*  1ri<-1i<is  (Linn. ).     Maryland  Yellow-throat. 
Abundant  summer  resident.     April  20  to  October  19. 

Song  April  28  to  September  20,  1903.  May  29,  1901,  five  young  with 
pin-feathers  were  found  in  an  arched  nest  in  a  bunch  of  dry  grass. 
June  12,  1903.  four  young  about  four  or  five  days  old  were  found  in  a 
clump  of  grass  about  six  inches  above  the  ground  (C.  G.  L.). 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1885. 

1885. 

188-3. 

1887. 

1892. 

1893. 

Observer  
First  seen  
Next  ^een 

C.  II.  B. 

C.H.  B. 

\34-20 
4-21 

C.  H.  B. 

a*4-28 
4-30 

B.  W.  E. 

C.  H.  B. 

4-25 

4-28 

G.G.W. 

4-25 
4-27 

E.  M.K. 
5- 

E.  M.  K. 

4-30 

Common  

5-5 

5-5 

Last  seen 

10-17 

Abundance 

Abundant 

Year 

1899 

1900 

1902 

1902 

1903 

1903. 

Observer  
First  seen 

N.  B.  M. 
4-29 

N.  B.  M. 
4-24 

W.  L.  M. 

4-24 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

4-24 

W.L.M. 

5  5 

4  25 

4-28 

Common 

5-4 

4-28 

Last  seen  
Abundance  

Common. 

Abundant. 

10-19 
Abundant. 

Abundant. 

9-24 
Abundant. 

186.      [683]     fcteria  virem  (Linn. ).     Yellow-breasted  Chat. 

Abundant  summer  resident.     April  24  to  September  28. 

Song  April  28,  1903.  May  17,  3903,  a  nest  and  one  egg  found  in  a 
dead  bush,  which  was,  however,  in  a  dense  clump  OL  living  bushes.  The 
nest  was  found  four  feet  high.  It  contained  four  eggs,  May  20  (C.  G.  L.). 


155 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1892 

1903 

Observer  
First  seen 

C.  H.  B. 

C.  H.  B. 

4-25 

a.  G.  w. 

C.  LI.  B. 

4-24 

G.  G.  W. 
4-30 

A.B.  U. 
E.  M.  K. 

5-4 

E.  M.  K. 
4-30 

Next  seen  .         .... 

5-3 

4-°5 

5-7 

Common      

5  8 

5-13 

Last  seen  

8-30 

Abundance  

Abundant 

Abundant 

Common. 

Common 

Year  

1899. 

1901. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

1903. 

Observer 

N  B   M 

AV    L   M 

W  L  M 

W  L  M 

W  L  M 

W   L   M 

First  seen  

4-29 

5-4 

4  24 

4-28 

Next  seen  

5-7 

4-27 

4  29 

Common  

4-29 

5-4 

5-3 

Last  seen  . 

9-28 

9-24 

Abundance  

Common. 

Common. 

Abundant 

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

187.      [684]      Wihnnia .  mitnitn  (Gmel. ).     Hooded  Warbler. 

Rare  summer  resident.     April  20  to  September  14. 

"At  Bloommgton,  Mr.  G.  G.  Williamson  found  a  nest  with  six  young 
of  this  species  in  a  bush,  May  27,  1886.  It  seems  to  occur  there  regularly" 
(A.  W.  Butler). 

No  females  were  seen  in  1885  until  May  2.  The  last  migrants  in  the 
fall  of  that  year  were  males. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

188-3. 

1835. 

1886. 

18S7. 

1909. 

Observer  
Firs'  seen  
Nextsee-n  
Common  .... 

C.  H.  B. 

4  20 
4-21 

C.  II.  B. 

8-'  9 
9-11 

G.  G.  W. 
B.  W.E. 

5-8 

5  26 

G.G.  W. 

5-7 

W.  L.  M. 

Last  seen  

5-9 

9-14 

9  1 

Abundance  

Rare. 

Rare. 

Rare. 

Rare. 

156 


188.     [685]      Wilsonia  pusilla  (Wils.).     Wilson's  Warbler. 

Rare  migrant.     May  8-14. '  August  31  to  September  18.     The  extreme 
dates  are  also  the  limits  of  its  stay  in  Indiana. 


MIGRATION   KECOED. 


Year  

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

Observer  ...  . 

C.H.B. 

C.  H.  B. 

B.  W.  E. 

First  seen  

5-14 

8  31 

5-8 

Next  seen 

Common 

Last  seen 

9-18 

Abundance 

Rare 

Rare. 

Rare. 

189.     [686]      Wilsonia  canadensis  (Linn. ).     Canadian  Warbler. 

A  more  common  migrant  than  either  of  the  last  two  species. 
27  to  May  18.     August  26  to  September  15. 


April 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year 

1885 

1885 

1885 

1886. 

Observer 

C  H  B 

C  H   B 

CUB 

W.S.  B. 

First  seen 

c?4-28 

P5-9 

8-26 

B.  W.  E. 

4-27 

Next  seen 

5-8 

5-12 

8-28 

5-4 

Common  . 

Last  «•  een 

5-17 

5-18 

9-15 

5-15 

Abundance  

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

190.     [687]     SetopJiaya  rut /cilia  (Linn. ).     American  Redstart.* 

Abundant  migrant  and  common  summer  resident.    April  12  to  October 

19;  the  limits  of  its  residence  in  the   State.     Scarce  in   1885  and  1886 

(B.  W.  E.). 

Song  April  12,  1903.     Nest  and  three  eggs  June  12,  1882. 

The  males  arrive  about  a  week  in  advance  of  the  females.     In  fall 

Redstarts  are  very  abundant  and  are  found  nearly  everywhere. 


157 


MIGRATION   EECORD. 


Year  

18S5. 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1892. 

Observer  

C.  H.  B. 

c?4-21 

C.H.B. 

P4-30 

C.H.B. 

G.  G.  W. 
A.W.  B. 

5-12 

G.  G.  W. 

4-29 

A.B.  U. 

4-30 

4  22 

5-10 

5-26 

5-1 

5-11 

5-11 

10-9 

Abundance 

Year  

1893. 

1900. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

1903. 

Observer  

E.  M.  K. 

5  6 

N.  B.M. 
5  5 

W.L.M. 

4  27 

W.L.M. 

W.L.M. 

4-12 

W.  L.  M. 

Next  seen  .. 

4-13 

4-28 

Last  seen  

10-19 

9-20 

Abundance  

Not  common 

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

Common. 

191.      [697]     Anthus  pensHvanicus  (Lath.).     American  Pipit.* 

Common    migrant    (C.    H.    B.,    '86).      May    17-18— common    19,    1885 

(C  H.  B.).     April  1,  1901. 

The  Pipit  probably  occurs  regularly  in  considerable  numbers,  and  the 

above  record  is  imperfect  on  account  of  faulty  observation. 

192      [703]     Minius  polt/glottos  (Linn. ).     Mockingbird.* 

Moderately  common  summer  resident. 

The  Mockingbird  was  first  noted  in  this  locality  April  29,  1882,  by 
B.  W.  Evermann.  He  says  that  Bloomington  was  the  farthest  north  it 
had  been  observed  in  the  State  at  that  time.  G.  H.  Bollmann  says  it  was 
very  rare  in  1886.  He  obtained  a  set  of  eggs  in  1884. 

Song  April  2,  1903.  Two  nests  were  complete  April  30,  1901.  They 
were  on  the  northeast  pike  about  one  fourth  mile  apart.  The  males  were 
singing  about  these  nests  both  day  and  night.  May  2,  1902,  a  nest  and 
two  eggs  were  taken  from  a  small  thorn  bush.  The  eggs  had  been  broken 
in  some  manner  (W.  L.  H.).  June  6,  1902,  a  nest  and  fresh  eggs  were 
found  about  three  feet  up  in  a  hedge  (C.  G.  L.). 


158 


MIGRATION   EECORD. 


Year  

1882. 

1885. 

1886. 

1893. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer  
First  seen  
Next  seen  

B.  W.  E. 

4-29 

C.  H.  B. 
5-13 

G.  G.  W. 
C.  H.B. 

5-2 
6-1 

E.M.  K. 

5-15 
5-18 

V.H.  B. 
W.  L.  M 

3-24 
4-30 

W.  L.  M. 
3-31 

4-27 

W.L.M. 

4-2 
4-3 

Common  

5-10 

Last  seen  

Abundance  

Rare. 

Rare. 

Rare. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

193.      [704]     Galeoscoptes  carolinensis  (Linn. ).     Catbird.* 

Abundant  summer  resident.    April  2  to  October  6. 

Song  April  9  to  September  20,  1903.  Nestbuilding  May  3,  1903.  Nest 
and  two  eggs  May  7,  1902  (G.  Hitze).  On  May  12,  1902,  five  eggs  were 
taken  from  a  nest;  a  new  nest  was  begun  on  the  next  day;  the  lining 
was  partly  made  on  the  14th  and  the  nest  was  finished  on  the  16th. 
There  was  one  egg  on  the  17th  and  four  on  the  20th.  A  nest  with  four 
fresh  eggs  was  found  June  4,  1901  (W.  L.  H.). 

The  earliest  and  latest  individuals  seen  are  generally  found  in  the 
woods  in  deep-tangled  thickets;  consequently  Catbirds  are  rarely  seen 
at  the  extreme  dates  indicated  above. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year. 

1885 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1892 

1893. 

Ob:erver 

C  H  B 

C.  H  B 

W.S.  B. 

G.  G.  W 

E.M.  K. 

E.M.  K. 

First  seen 

4-20 

C.  H.  B. 

4-16 

4-25 

4-22 

4-10 

Next  Peen        .   . 

4-21 

4-17 

4-27 

4-27 

4-17 

Common  ... 

4-24 

4-27 

4-20 

Last  seen  

10-6 

Abundance 

Common 

Common 

159 


Year 

189> 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1903 

Observer  
First  seen  
Next  seen  

N.  B.  M. 
4-28 
4-29 

N.  B.  M. 
4-14 
4-16 

W.  L.  M. 

4-28 
5-3 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

4-5 
4-9 

W.L.M. 

Common  
Last  seen 

4-29 

4-20 

55 

10-5 

4-28 

9.90 

Abundance  

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Abundant 

Abundant. 

194.     [705]      Toj-ontoma  rnfuin  (Linn. ).     Brown  Thrasher.*    Figs.  25-6. 

Common  summer  resident.     March  16  to  October  12. 

Song  March  20,  1903.  Nest  begun  April  4,  1903.  Nest  and  four  eggs 
in  a  berry  bush  in  a  corner  of  a  yard,  April  20.  Young  out  of  nest  May 
8  (C.  G.  L.).  Four  young  flying  about  freely  May  13.  Nest  with  3  eggs 
as  late  as  June  9,  '02  (G.  Hitze). 

One  of  our  best  songsters;  most  often  found  just  on  the  outskirts  of 
town. 

MIGRATION    RECOED. 


Year 

1884 

1885 

1885 

1836 

1887 

1892 

1893 

Observer  

First  seen  .... 
Next  seen  

C.  II.  E. 

3-23 

C.  H.  B. 

4-4 
4-5 

C.  H.B. 

W.  S.  B. 
B.  W.  E. 
G.  G.  W. 

3-28 
4-5 

G.  G.W. 
4-12 

E.  M.K. 

A.B.U. 

42 
4-9 

E.  M.  K. 

4-2 
4-6 

Common. 

4-18 

4-14 

4-Q 

4-6 

Last  seen 

10-3 

Abundance.  .  . 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Year. 

1899 

1°00               1901 

1902 

1902 

1903 

Observer 

N  B  M 

N  B  M       \T'  &'  ^' 

W  L  M 

W  L   M 

W  L  M 

First  seen  

4-16 

V.  H  B. 

4-23                4-7 

3-16 

3-20 

Next  seen  

4-19 

4-10 

3-24 

3-21 

Common 

4-21 

4-14 

4-23 

4  3 

Last  seen  

10-12 

Abundance  

Common. 

Common,  j  Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

160 

195.  [718]     Thryothorm  ludovicianus  (Lath.).     Carolina  Wren.* 
Common  resident.    Sings  at  all  times  in  the  year.    The  Carolina  Wren 

became  common  here  about  1883  (B.  W.  E\).    "It  was  heard  nearly  every 
day  that  winter." 

An  inhabitant  of  dense  thickets  and  brush-piles.  Not  often  seen  away 
from  these  places  except  when  singing.  Ordinarily  a  very  hard  bird  to 
flush.  Several  times  the  writer  has  cornered  a  Carolina  Wren  in  a 
brush-pile,  and  walked  up  to  the  edge  of  it  without  the  bird  leaving. 
Once,  even,  I  walked  over  a  brush-heap  with  a  wren  in  it  and  the  bird 
left  only  when  the  heap  was  torn  to  pieces.  (March  3,  '01).  Another 
instance  of  this  habit  is  as  follows:  On  a  cold,  snowy,  windy  day,  I  was 
investigating  the  base  of  a  hollow  tree.  After  rummaging  around  on  the 
inside  for  three  or  four  minutes,  I  touched  a  Carolina  Wren  which  then 
flew  hastily  out  (February  2,  '02). 

196.  [719]     Thryoffianes  bewickii  (Aud. ).     Bewick's  Wren.* 

Very  common  summer  resident.  March  6  to  October  12.  Bewick's 
Wren  was  taken  in  this  county  as  early  as  1876  (Ind.  Univ.  Mus.).  It 
was  a  common  summer  resident  ten  years  later,  and  DOW  is  very  common 
and  almost  entirely  replaces  the  next  species  (T.  aedori)  which  is  a  rather 
rare  bird. 

Song  March  13,  1903;  breeding  March  25,  1901.  Nest  and  eight  eggs 
in  an  old  sack  hung  over  a  fence,  April  14,  1903  (C.  G.  L.). 

Most  frequently  found  near  houses;  common  in  the  city;  a  persistent 
songster  in  March  and  April. 


MIGRATION    RECORD, 


Year  

1885 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1893 

Observer     

C  H  B 

C  II  B 

G.G.  W. 

G  G  W 

E  M  K 

First  seen  

4-5 

W.  S.  B. 
3-26 

4-2 

3-20 

Next  seen  

4-7 

4-8 

4-13 

Common  

4-18 

Last  seen 

9-27 

Abundance 

161 


Year          

1899. 

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer  

N.  B.  M. 

N.  B.  M. 

W.  L.M. 

W.  L.  M. 

P.  J.  H. 

WT      TV* 

First  seen 

4-13 

4-2 

3-25 

.  L.  M. 

3-6 

Next  seen  . 

4-14 

4-7 

3-26 

3-8 

Common                    

4-21 

4-15 

3-21 

10-12 

Abundance  

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

197.     [721.]     Troglodytes  aedon  Vieill.     House  Wren.*    Fig.  9. 

Rather  rare  summer  resident.  March  9  to  September  16.  The  House 
Wren  was  a  rare  summer  resident  and  less  common  than  T.  beurickii  in 
1887  (B.  W.  E.). 

A  nest  of  the  House  Wren  was  found  April  25,  1903,  in  a  tin  can  sit- 
ting on  a  fence.  The  nest  was  just  completed  and  contained  no  eggs 
(C.  G.  L.).  May  21,  1902,  seven  well-feathered  young  were  found;  two 
days  later  these  had  flown  (G.  Hitze). 

The  dates  for  1901  would  probably  be  more  correctly  attributed  to 
T.  bewickii.  The  song  was  heard  that  year  on  February  21  (V.  H.  B.). 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

Observer 

C  H  B 

C  H  B 

G  G  W 

G  G  W. 

First  seen                           ... 

4-19 

5-1 

4-30 

Next  seen     

4-20 

5-14 

Common  

5-6 

Last  seen  

9-16 

Not  common 

Year  

1892. 

1901. 

1903.   ' 

Observer  

A.  B.  II. 

V.  H.  B. 

W.L.  M. 

First  seen  

E.  M.  K. 

3-27 

2-11 

3-9 

Next  seen 

3-31 

2-13 

4-29 

Common    .               .... 

3-18 

Last  seen  ... 

Abundance  

Common. 

Rare. 

11— A.  OF  SCIENCE,  '04. 


162 

198.     [722]     Olbiorchilus  hiemalis  (Vieill.).     Winter  Wren.* 

Rare  in  winter;  more  common  during  the  migrations.     October  4  to 

May  3.    Absent  during  the  winter  1902-3. 

Most  of  the  individuals  departed  April  19,  1885  (C.  H.  B.). 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  «... 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1900. 

1901. 

1903. 

Observer 

C  H  B 

C  H  B 

G  G  W 

G  G  W 

N  B  M 

V  II  B 

W  L  M 

First  seen  

10-4 

Next  seen  

10-9 

Common 

4-4 

Last  seen.   .. 
Abundance 

5-3 

4-24 

4-20 

4-17 

3-3 

4-30 
Rare 

199.      [725]     Telmatodytes  palustris  (Wils. ).     Long-billed  Marsh  Wren. 

Rare  migrant.    May  10,  1886  (C.  H.  B.— G.  G.  W.);  May  13  (B.  W.  E.); 
September  29,  1903,  common. 

20!).     [728]     Certhia  familiaris  americana  (Bonap.)     Brown  Creeper.* 

Rare  in  winter,  common  in  spring  and  fall  (C.  H.  B.,  '86).     September 

27  to  May  30. 

In  April  this  bird  may  generally  be  found  wherever  there  are  Kinglets. 
Most  of  them  departed  April  20,  1885  (C.  H.  B.). 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year       .... 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1888. 

1899. 

C  H  B 

C  H  B 

G  G  W. 

G   G  W 

G  G   W 

4-1 

9-27 

4-13 

4-9 

Next  seen  

4-2 

10-4 

4-18 

4-11 

Common 

4-4 

Last  seen     

4-25 

5-30 

4-10 

Rare 

163 


Year  

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

1892. 

Observer  
First  seen  

N.B.M. 

4-8 

V.  H.  B. 

3-9 

W.  L.  M. 

3-12 

W.L.M. 

11-18 

W.  L.  M. 

1-17 

E.M.K. 

Next  seen   

4-12 

3-18 

3-27 

1-18 

Common 

4-13 

Last  seen  
Abundance  .  . 

4-17 
Not  common 



4-19 
Common 

12-14 
Common 

4-12 
Common 

4-7 
Common 

201.  [727]     Sitta  carolinensis  Lath.     White-breasted  Nuthatch.* 
Common  resident.     Attempts  at  song  March  8,  1902;  five  days  earlier 

they  were  seen  going  in  and  coming  out  of  a  cavity  in  a  tree,  which  they 
afterwards  used  as  a  nest. 

202.  [728]     Sitta  canadensis  Linn.     Red-breasted  Nuthatch.* 

Common  migrant  and  rare  winter  resident.  September  20  to  May  12. 
"They  were  found  wintering  at  Bloomington  the  winters  of  1882-3  and 
1885-6"  (Blatchley).  Also  winters  of  1884-5;  1902-3. 


MIGRATION   BECOKD. 


Year 

1883 

1885 

1885 

1886 

1886 

1887 

BW    Tf 

CTT      T> 

W.  S.  B. 

B.  W.  E. 

W    C«    T* 

GP    W 

First  seen  

•    2-10 

1-31 

C.H.B. 
10-2 

W.S.B. 

2-22 

Next  seen 

2-2 

10-7 

2-23 

Common 

Last  seen 

5-12 

11-25 

4-24 

12-21 

5-7 

Abundance 

Rare 

Not 

Not 

Not 

Common 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Year       

1901 

1902 

1902 

1903 

1903 

Observer  

V.  H.B 

W.  L.  M 

W  L  M 

W.  L  M 

W.L.M. 

First  seen  

2-28 

10-12 

1-14 

9-20 

Next  seen  

3-10 

10-26 

1-18 

9-24 

Common 

4-29 

9-25 

Last  seen 

4-7 

4-24 

11-30 

5-2 

Abundance     ....                   ... 

Rare 

Rare. 

Common 

Common. 

164 


203.  [731]     Bseolophus  bicolor  (Linn.).     Tufted  Titmouse.* 
Abundant  resident.    Nestbuilding  April  12,  1903;  May  7,  1901. 
An  ubiquitous  species  with  a  great  variety  of  calls  and  songs. 

204.  [735]     Parus  atricapillus  Linn.     Chickadee.* 

Seen  here  only  as  a  winter  visitor.  November  7  to  May  15.  It  is 
probably  not  a  common  winter  resident,  though  so  reported  by  C.  H.  Boll- 
man  ('86).  W.  S.  Blatchley  says  it  was  as  common  a  winter  resident, 
and  B.  W.  Evermann  says  it  was  as  common  a  resident  as  P.  carolinensis 
in  1886.  N.  B.  Myers  says  a  few  breed,  but  most  of  them  go  north.  The 
latter  records  are  probably  due  to  confusion  with  the  next  species.  All 
the  specimens  in  the  University  collection  have  been  examined  and  only 
one  from  this  locality  that  was  labeled  P.  atricapillus  was  identified 
correctly.  There  are,  however,  several  un  labeled  ones  which  come  under 
this  species.  Its  true  status  is  that  of  an  uncommon  winter  visitor. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  :.... 

1884.! 

1885. 

1886. 

1892. 

1895. 

1899. 

1900. 

Observer  
First  seen         

C.  H.E. 

C.H.B. 

W.S.  B. 

A.  B.  U. 

L.Hughes. 
11-7 

N.B.M. 

N.B.M. 

Next  seen  

3-26 

3-3 

4-16 

5-15 

2-13 

5-2 

4-28 

205.  [736]     Parus  carolinensis  Aud.     Carolina  Chickadee.* 

Common  resident.  Seen  more  often  and  in  greater  numbers  after 
March  8,  1903;  February  18,  1902;  April  30,  1885  (C.  H.  B.). 

Song  January  18  to  November  28,  1902.  Mating  March  15,  1902;  nest- 
building  April  14,  1901.  May  29,  1901,  four  young  with  pin-feathers  and 
one  egg  were  found  in  a  nest  about  three  feet  from  the  ground  in  a  wil- 
low stub.  The  nest  was  about  three  inches  in  depth  and  was  lined  with 
rabbit  fur  and  other  soft  materials.  The  young  were  not  yet  able  to  sit 
on  a  perch,  June  3  (W.  L.  H.). 

206.  [748]     Regulm  satrapa  Licht.     Golden-crowned  Kinglet.* 
Abundant  migrant  and  rare  winter  resident.     February  4  to  May  7. 

September  21  to  November  28.     "They  are  reported  as  winter  residents 
from   Bloomington   (Evermann,   Blatchley).     Also   by   G.   G.   Williamson. 


165 


Song  heard  April  16,  1902.  This  bird  has  a  surprisingly  loud,  sharp 
whistle,  with  a  somewhat  ventriloquial  effect. 

On  April  6,  1902,  a  Golden-crowned  Kinglet  was  observed  to  catch  a 
moth  of  apparently  half  its  own  size.  It  took  several  minutes  time  and 
much  trouble  to  finish  the  insect  and  it  was  dropped  once  but  was  recov- 
ered and  finally  disposed  of. 

MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Year 

1884. 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1892. 

1893. 

1895 

Observer  . 

B.W.  E. 

C.H.  B. 

C.  H.  B. 

G.  G.W. 

G.G.W. 

E.  M.  K. 

E.M.  K. 

L.  Hughes. 

2-10 

10-3 

3-19 

4-4 

2-4 

Next  seen 

10-5 

4-9 

2-11 

Common 

4-2 

10-9 

4-13 

4-9 

Last  seen  .  .. 
Abundance 

Rare. 

4-19 
Abundant 

10-25 
Abundant 

4-13 

5-7 

4-24 
Common 

Common 

11-7 

Year  

1899. 

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

1903. 

Observer  
First  seen 

N.B.  M. 

4-10 

N.  B.  M. 

4-4 

W.L.M. 
V.  H.  B. 

3-20 

W.L.M. 

3-27 

W.L.M. 
10-5 

W.L.M. 
3-18 

W.L.M. 

9-21 

Next  seen  
Common  

4-13 

4-6 

3-22 

4-5 

3-28 
4-15 

10-16 
10-18 

3-19 
3-23 

9-22 
9-21 

Last  seen  

4-12 

4-21 

4-23 

11-28 

4-19 

Abundance 

207.     [749]     Regulus  calendula  (Linn. ).     Ruby-crowned  Kinglet.* 

Abundant  migrant  and  rare  winter  resident.  March  23  to  May  18. 
September  21  to  October  24.  "They  have  been  noted,  in  winter,  in  Mon- 
roe County,  by  Profs.  Evermann  and  Blatchley."  (A.  W.  Butler.) 

Song  April  5,  1901;  10,  1903.  Mating  April  19  and  24,  1903.  April  10, 
1903.  Heard  a  Ruby-crowned  Kinglet  singing  a  varied  and  pretty  song 
which  was  so  loud  that  it  did  not  seem  possible  that  so  small  a  bird 
could  produce  it.  The  Ruby-crown  also  gave  a  little  chuck,  a  short 
whistle,  and  another  note  like  that  of  a  Canada  Nuthatch,  but  less  com- 
plaining. The  last  note  was  repeated  several  times.  On  April  19,  two 
Ruby-crowns  were  seen,  one  of  which  with  crown  erected  and  singing, 
was  chasing  the  other.  Was  this  not  mating?  On  the  24th  two  other  in- 


166 


dividuals  were  seen  doing  the  same  thing,  and  another  was  heard  singing. 
The  song  reminds  one  of  nothing  more  plainly,  than  of  the  softer,  less 
ambitious  efforts  of  a  canary.  It  is  varied  with  little  chirps  and  chuck 
and  cJiirr  notes. 

The  bulk  left  May  2,  1885  (C.  H.  B.). 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1892. 

1893. 

Observer  .•  
First  seen 

C.  H.  B. 
4-18 

C.  H.  B. 

9-28 

C.  H.  B. 
G.  G.  W. 

4-19 

G.  G.  W. 

4-10- 

E.  M.K. 

4-9 

B.  M.K. 

4-19 

4  19 

10-3 

4-22 

4-11 

4-23 

4  22 

19-8 

4-27 

5-11 

10-24 

4-24 

5-18 

Abundance           .... 

Abundant 

Abundant 

Common. 

Not  common 

Year 

1901 

1902. 

1902. 

1903 

1903. 

Observer 

W  L.M 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

First  seen 

3-29 

4-6 

10-2 

3-23 

9-21 

Next  seen 

4-11 

10-4 

3-25 

9-22 

Common 

4-13 

10-2 

3-23 

9-21 

Last  seen 

4-5 

4-27 

10-15 

4-30 

Abundance              .       

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Abundant. 

208.     [751]     PoUoptilaccerideaCLmn.).    Blue-gray  Gnatcatcher.*  Figs.  27-8. 

Common  summer  resident.     April  5  to  September  12. 

Song  and  mating  April  12,  1903.  A  nest  containing  one  egg  of  a 
Cowbird  was  found  April  22,  1886  (B.  W.  B.).  This  was  ten  days  after 
their  arrival.  Three  days  after  they  arrived  in  1902  Gnatcatchers  were 
seen  nestbuilding  (April  24);  the  nest  was  half-finished  on  the  27th.  In 
1903  no  completed  nest  was  found  until  the  27th  of  April,  which  was  20 
days  after  their  arrival.  On  May  26,  1903,  a  nest  and  four  well-incubated 
eggs  were  found.  The  nest  was  saddled  on  a  limb  of  a  small  elm,  about 
fourteen  feet  from  the  ground  (C.  G.  L.).  W.  S.  Blatchley  (1888),  in 
"The  Audubon  Magazine,"  describes  a  two-story  nest  of  the  Blue-gray 
Gnatcatcher,  taken  near  Bloomington.  A  Cowbird  had  deposited  an  egg 


10 


in  the  nest  proper  and  the  second  story  was  built  over  this  egg  (A.  W. 
Butler). 

MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1892 

Observer  

C.  H  B. 

C.H.  B. 

B  W  E. 

G.  G.  W. 

A.B.U. 

First  seen  

4-5 

4-12 

4-11 

B.  M.  K. 

4-17 

Next  seen 

4-6 

4-13 

4-23 

Common  

4-17 

Last  seen  

9-12 

Abundance  

Common 

Common 

Common 

Year  

1893. 

1899. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer        

E.  M.  K. 

N.  B.  M. 

W.  L.M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

4-6 

4-13 

C.  H.  E. 

4-29 

4-15 

4-7 

Next  seen  

5-4 

4-15 

5-1 

4-19 
4-19 

4-11 
4-12 

Common 

Common 

209.     [755]     Hylocichla  mustelina  (Gmel.).     Wood  Thrush.* 
Common  summer  resident.     April  12  to  October  12. 
Song  May  4,  1904  (F.  E.  L.).    Nest  and  eggs  May  6,  1886  (B.  W.  E.). 
A  resident  of  the  deeper  woods.     There  his  fine  song  may  be  heard  at 

its  best  in  early  May. 

MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1892. 

C  H  B 

C  H  B 

W.S.B. 
C  H  B 

G  G  W 

ABU 

First  seen  

4-20 

G.G.W. 
4-17 

4-25 

5-7 

4-21 

4-22 

4-28 

4-24 

Last  seen 

9-19 

Abundance  ... 

Abundant 

Abundant 

Abundant 

168 


Year       .  .  .  .               

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1902. 

1903. 

N  B.  M 

W  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.  L.M. 

First  ssen 

5-2 
5-4 
5-9 

5-6 

4-24 
4-25 

4-12 
4-17 
5-5 

10-12 

Moderat'ly 
Common. 

Abundance  

Common. 

Moderat'ly 
Common. 

Common. 

210.     [766]     Hylocichla  fusccscens  (Steph.).     Wilson's  Thrush. 

Rather  rare  migrant.     April  23  to  May  16.     September  1  to  13.    Ap- 
parently common  in  1885  (C.  H.  B.)  now  the  rarest  of  the  Thrushes. 

Most  of  the  birds  departed  May  10,  1885  (C.  H.  B.). 

MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Year     

1885. 

1885. 

1885. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer  

C.H.B. 
4-23 

C.H.B. 

9-1 

C.H.B. 

W.  L.  M. 

5-4 

W.L.M. 

4-26 

4-26 

9  8 

Common 

5-4 

5-16 

9-13 

5-13 

Abundance                                   ... 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Rare. 

Rare. 

211.     [757]     Hylocichla  alicise  (Baird).     Gray-cheeked  Thrush. 

Rather  uncommon  migrant.  April  10  to  May  17.  September  2  to  25. 
Formerly  much  more  common;  abundant  in  1885  (C.  H.  B.). 

Some  question  has  been  raised  about  the  validity  of  the  records  of 
early  arrival  of  the  present  species  in  the  central  states.  The  dates 
recorded  are  earlier  than  those  noted  for  the  arrival  of  the  species  on  the 
southern  coast  of  the  United  States.  If  these  records  are  proved  to  be 
correct,  they  will  establish  what  is  at  least  not  a  common  phenomenon 
of  migration  a  journey  from  Central  America,  at  least,  across  the  Gulf 
and  half  across  the  continent  before  a  stop  is  made.  The  very  number 
of  these  early  records  from  different  points  and  by  different  observers 
in  Indiana,  is  almost  sufficient  proof  of  their  reliability.  Some  of  these 
records  are:  Spears ville,  April  14  and  15,  1894;  April  3  to  10,  1895  (V.  H. 
Barnett);  Laporte,  April  10  to  12,  1892  (Charles  Barber);  Brown  County, 


169 


April  14,  1894  (E.  M.  Kindle)  and  Bloomington,  April  10,  1903  (W.  L.  M.). 
It  is  claimed  that  the  more  usual  and  expected  occurrence  would  be  the 
arrival  of  this  species  at  about  the  time  of  arrival  of  Wilson's  and  the 
Olive-backed  Thrushes.  Further  observation  and  especially  collection  of 
specimens  is  needed  to  settle  the  question.  The  Gray-cheeked  Thrush  is 
only  rarely  recorded  as  late  as  early  October,  as  are  also  the  Veery  and 
Swainson's  Thrushes.  But  a  specimen  is  recorded  in  the  catalogue  of 
the  Indiana  University  Museum,  taken  by  David  Starr  Jordan,  November 
1,  1875,  at  Indianapolis. 

MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Year           

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1903. 

Observer  

C.  H.  B. 

C.  H.B. 

G.G.W. 

W.  L.  M. 

4-22 

9-2 

W.  S.  B. 
5-1 

4-10 

Next  seen 

4-25 

9-4 

5-17 

4-20 

Common                      ...        .  .               .... 

5-3 

9-5 

Last  seen  

5-17 

9-25 

212.     [758a]     Hylocichla  ustidatus  swainsonii  (Cab. ).     Olive-backed  Thrush. 

Rather  rare  migrant.  April  28  to  May  19.  September  1  to  October  2. 
C.  H.  Bollmann  considered  this  species  an  abundant  migrant  in  1885. 
At  present  only  a  few  are  seen  each  year. 

Most  of  the  individuals  departed  May  17,  1885  (C.  H.  B.).  Perhaps 
the  reduction  in  numbers  of  all  the  less  hardy,  wood-loving  thrushes,  in 
recent  years  is  due  to  the  cutting  away  of  timber  in  this  region.  There 
are  very  few  of  those  cool,  dark,  virgin  forests,  which  are  said  to  be  the 
favorite  haunts  of  our  wood  thrushes,  remaining  in  this  region  at  present. 

MIGRATION    RECORD. 


Year     

1885. 

1885. 

1887. 

1892. 

1903. 

Observer    

C.  H.  B. 

C.  H.  B. 

G.  GK  W. 

A.  B.  U. 

W.  L.  M. 

First  seen  

5-2 

9-1 

4-28 

E.  M.  K. 

5-9 

4-29 

5-3 

9-6 

5-14 

4-30 

Common                          .  .. 

5-10 

9-18 

Last  seen      

5-19 

10-2 

5-15 

Abundance  

Abundant 

Abundant 

Rare. 

170 


213.     [759b]     Hylocichla  guttata pallasti  (Cab.)-     Hermit  Thrush. 

Common  migrant  March  23  to  May  3.  October  3  to  November  21. 
The  extreme  dates  mark  the  limits  of  its  stay  in  the  State,  unless  it  has 
recently  been  found  to  winter  in  the  lower  Wabash  Valley. 

The  most  common  of  the  Thrushes  in  the  migratory  season.  Found  in 
second-growth  and  open  woods. 

The  majority  left  April  25,  1885  (C.  H.  B.). 


MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Year  

1885. 

18S5. 

1886. 

1887 

1892 

1893 

Observer 

C  H  B 

C  H   B 

W  S  B 

G  G  W 

B.  M.K. 

B  M  K 

First  seen  
Next  seen 

3-31 
4-1 

10-3 
10-4 

4-17 

4-12 

A.  B.  U. 

4-2 
4-9 

4-19 
4-27 

Common  

4-19 

10-10 

Last  seen 

4-28 

10-25 

4-23 

Abundance 

Common 

Common 

Year 

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1903 

Observer                   ..  . 

N.  B.  M. 

C.  H.  E. 

W.L.  M. 

W.L.  M. 

W.  L   M. 

First  seen             

4-9 

4-29 

3-23 

4-5 

Next  seen     ...                 

3-25 

4-7 

Common               

4-12 

3-27 

5-3 

11-21 

Abundance  

Not  common 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

214.     [761]     Merula  migratoria  (Linn).     American  Robin. *    Fig.  30. 

Resident;  abundant  in  all  seasons  except  winter  when  it  is  generally 
rather  rare.  However,  on  January  30,  1893,  a  winter  day,  300  Robins 
were  seen  by  E.  M.  Kindle.  This  was  probably  a  band  of  migrants,  and 
its  occurrence  then  was  not  unusual.  They  become  common  from  the 
middle  of  February  to  the  middle  of  March.  Some  winters  they  are 
entirely  absent— that  of  1900-01  for  instance.  They  have  been  observed  in 
flocks  here  as  late  as  April  13,  1903.  There  is  generally  a  period  in  fall 


171 

when  Robins  are  scarce,  followed  by  a  period  of  abundance  before  the 
numbers  dwindle  down  to  the  usual  winter  representation.  This  is 
caused  in  all  probability  by  the  summer  residents  of  more  northern 
regions,  halting  here  in  what  to  them  is  a  mild  climate,  after  our  own 
summer  birds  have  departed.  A  similar  movement  is  noticeable  among 
the  Bluebirds.  The  condition  of  mid-autumn  abundance  occurred  Octo- 
ber 22,"  1902.  Three  days  later  these  birds  became  rarer  and  flocks  were 
seen  migrating  at  a  considerable  elevation  by  day. 

Singing  began  very  early  in  1903.  One  was  heard  singing  his  spring 
song,  very  low  as  if  in  rehearsal,  January  16,  and  one  burst  out  in 
full  song  January  20.  The  next  song  was  heard  February  24.  In  other 
years  I  have  heard  an  imperfect  song  as  early  as  February  23,  and 
the  complete  song  March  4,  1902.  They  continue  their  songs  till  late 
in  the  year.  Perfect  songs  are  heard  in  August,  and  on  September 
1,  1902,  a  Robin  was  heard  singing  with  all  the  vigor  if  not  the  per- 
fection of  spring.  Songs,  perhaps  slightly  imperfect,  but  not  very 
noticeably  so,  have  been  heard  as  late  as  October  26,  1902. 

They  have  been  observed  mated  by  February  26,  1903.  The  first 
nest  has  been  completed  as  early  as  March  21,  1903  (P.  J.  H.).  Very 
little  mud  was  used  in  the  construction  of  this  nest.  That  this  was 
early  in  the  season  as  well  as  in  the  calendar  may  be  judged  by  the 
fact  that  an  inch  of  snow  fell  shortly  afterwards.  The  first  egg  was 
found  March  29,  1903.  It  was  in  a  nest  in  a  beech  tree.  The  nest 
was  within  ten  feet  of  a  window  in  Science  Hall  (C.  G.  L.).  A  full 
set  was  not  found  until  April  8,  but  on  April  26  two  half-grown  young, 
not  accompanied  by  their  parents,  were  observed.  On  May  3  two  young 
nearly  full  grown  were  seen.  Twenty-four  days  (April  23  to  May  17) 
elapsed  between  the  laying  of  the  third  egg  and  the  flight  of  the  young 
in  a  nest  watched  in  1892  (G.  Hitze). 

One  was  noticed  before  daybreak  on  March  26,  1903,  sitting  on  the 
ground  and  singing  vigorously.  It  was  observed  in  the  same  place 
the  next  morning. 

When  the  country  is  snowbound  Robins  resort  to  peculiar  methods 
to  obtain  a  livelihood;  one  was  seen  wading  about  in  a  shallow  spring- 
fed  stream,  feeding  in  the  manner  of  a  Sandpiper,  February  9,  1902. 


172 


MIGRATION   RECORD. 


Year         

1883. 

1884. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1892. 

B  W  E 

CHE 

C  H  B 

B.W.  E. 

G  G  W 

E  M  K 

First  seen 

2-10 

2-9 

2-14 

G.  G.  W. 
2-13 

1-16 

2-1 

2-13 

3-3 

2-20 

1-17 

2-6 

Common         

2-13 

3-7 

2-23 

2-7 

2-6 

Last  seen    

Abundance    

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

Common. 

Common. 

Year    

1893. 

1899. 

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

E  M  K. 

N  B  M 

N.  B.  M. 

V.  H.  B. 

VV.  L.  M. 

W.  L.M. 

First  seen 

1-28 

2-12 

2-20 

W.  L.  M. 
2-19 

Next  seen 

1-29 

2-19 

3-3 

2-27 

Common        

2-13 

3-16 

3-9 

3-3 

3-1 

2-27 

Last  seen 

Abundance  

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Common. 

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

215.     [766]     Sialia  sialis  (Linn.).     Bluebird.*    Figs.  31-2. 

Resident;  abundant  in  ah  seasons  except  winter,  moderately  com- 
mon then.  Becomes  abundant  before  the  middle  of  March  (February 
22  to  March  16).  Seen  in  pairs  February  22,  1884  (G.  H.  E.).  All 
records  of  Bluebirds  for  the  winters  1900-01  and  1901-2  were  made  by 
groups  and  show  just  how  the  birds  were  met.  Nearly  all  of  these 
groups  are  twos  or  multiples  of  two,  and  of  them  equal  numbers 
were  male  and  female.  This  is  pretty  good  evidence  that  many  Blue- 
birds remain  paired  throughout  the  year.  However,  some  of  the  sum- 
mer residents  mate  here,  and  they  were  seen  mating  March  1,  1903. 
Two  males  were  singing  madly  and  flying  excitedly  about  a  female, 
the  principal  characteristic  of  whose  attitude  seemed  to  be  utter  indif- 
ference to  both  of  her  suitors. 

Singing  February  10,  1903.  The  first  nest  was  finished  March  15, 
1903;  it  was  in  a  fencepost  which  had  rotted  in  two  just  above  the 
ground  and  which  swayed  on  its  supporting  wires,  with  every  wind. 
A  nest  with  three  eggs  was  found  March  22;  and  one  with  four  eggs 


173 

April  2.  On  April  4  a  nest  and  six  eggs  were  found  in  an  old  Wood- 
pecker's hole  (C.  G.  L.).  On  April  27,  four  young  Bluebirds  3-4  days  old 
were  found  and  on  the  29th  seven  young,  fully  feathered  and  about 
four  inches  long,  were  seen  flying  about  freely  with  their  parents. 

On  November  30,  1902,  Bluebirds  were  acting  as  Phoebes  are  often 
seen  to  do;  they  used  a  perch  near  the  ground  from  which  they  sud- 
denly flew  down,  picked  up  an  insect  or  other  morsel  of  food,  always 
returning  to  the  same  perch. 


MIGRATION    RECORD. 


1883. 

1884. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

B.  W.  E. 

C.  H.  E. 

C.  H.  B. 

B.W.  E. 

B.  W.E. 

1-12 

2-2 

2-20 

1-1 

Next  seen  .             

2-9 

2-21 

1-3 

Common  

2-22 

2-28 

2-22 

Abundant 

Common. 

Common. 

1892. 

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

Observer                       

A.  B.  W. 

N.  B.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

W.L.  M. 

W.  L.  M. 

1-28 

2-19 

2-10 

2-6 

2-22 

2-17 

3-2 

3-16 

3-8 

Abundance            

Common. 

Rare. 

Common. 

Abundant. 

Abundant. 

174 

SUPPLEMENTAL  LIST. 

1.  [51]     Larus  argentatus  (Brumi).     Herring  Gull. 

Very  probably  seen  by  J.  J.  Batchelor,  April,  1902.  See  note  under 
L.  Philadelphia  in  main  list. 

2.  [208]     Rallus  elegam  Aud.     King  Rail. 

Rare  migrant  in  Brown  County  (B.  M.  K.  '94).  Will  probably 
be  found  to  have  the  same  rank  in  avifauna  of  this  county. 

3.  [226]     Himantopus  mexicanus  (Mull. ).     Black-necked  Stilt. 

C.  H.  Bollmann  gives  a  queried  record  for  Monroe  County  in  his 
list  of  1886,  and  ranks  it  as  rare.  It  has  not  otherwise  been  recorded 
in  the  State. 

4.  [305]     Tympanuchus  americanus  (Reich. ).     Prairie  Hen. 

Given  in  C.  H.  Bollmann's  list  of  1886  as  one  of  the  birds  which 
had  to  his  knowledge  been  found  in  the  county  but  which  had  disap- 
peared. 

5.  [310]     Meleagris  gallopavo  merriami  Nelson.     Wild  Turkey. 

A  rare  resident  as  late  as  1886  (C.  H.  B.),  when  a  few  were  seen 
each  year  (W.  S.  B.).  In  1887  B.  W.  Evermaun  said  that  although 
he  had  not  observed  it,  it  was  still  occasionally  taken.  In  1894  E.  M. 
Kindle  wrote  that  it  was  almost  if  not  entirely  extinct  in  Brown 
County.  The  Wild  Turkey  is  without  doubt  entirely  extinct  in  this 
county. 

6.  [315]     Ectopistes  migratorim  (Linn. ).     Passenger  Pigeon. 

A  rare  migrant  in  1886  (C.  H.  B.).  B.  W.  Evermann  in  1887  classed 
it  as  formerly  abundant  but  then  rare.  The  last  date  at  hand  for 
this  county  is  April  18,  1885,  when  ten  were  seen  by  C.  H.  Bollmann. 
It  has  been  observed  since  that  time  in  Brown  County— March  7,  1894 
(E.  M.  K.);  60  were  seen  April  12,  1895  (V.  H.  B.). 

7.  [382]     Conurus  carolinensis  (Linn. ).     Carolina  Paroquet. 

Given  the  same  position  by  C.  H.  Bollmann  in  his  list  of  1886  as 
the  Prairie  Hen.  (See  above.)  /'Judge  A.  L.  Roach  of  Indianapolis 
says  Parakeets  were  common  in  Monroe  County  in  1828  when  his  father's 
family  moved  there.  The  family  came  from  western  Tennessee,  where  the 
bird  was  abundant  and  well  known.  He  says  they  were  still  there 


175 

in  1836.  *  *  *  B.  W.  Evermann  learned  from  the  late  Louis  Boll- 
mann  that  they  were  there  in  1831.  *  *  *  W.  B.  Seward  of  Bloom- 
ington  said  that  these  birds  were  well  known  to  him  from  1840-1850 
and  were  in  many  places  common"  (A.  W.  Butler  in  "The  Auk,"  Vol. 
IX,  pp.  49-56).  "Mr.  W.  B.  Seward  informs  me  of  obtaining  some 
five,  he  thinks,  young  Paroquets  from  a  farmer's  boy  in  Owen 
County  (adjoining  Monroe)  in  1845.  His  impression  is  they  were  taken 
from  the  inside  of  a  hollow  tree,  on  the  borders  of  White  River.  This 
is  the  farthest  north  we  have  any  account  of  their  nesting"  (Butler, 
Birds  of  Indiana,  1897).  In  Brown  County  it  was  formerly  abundant 
along  Bean  Blossom  Creek  (E.  M.  K.). 

8.  [392]     Campephilus  principalis  (Linn. ).     Ivory-billed  Woodpecker. 
"Formerly  common,  now  rare"   (B.  W.  K.  '87).     Recorded  by  .C.  H. 

it  was  formerly  found  in  Monroe  County"  (Butler). 

9.  [486]     Corvus  corax  sinuatus  (Wagl.).     American  Raven. 

"Formerly  common,  now  rare"  (B.  W.  E1.  '87).  Recorded  by  C.  H. 
Bollmann  ('86)  along  with  the  Prairie  Hen  and  Parakeet  as  one  of  the 
birds  which  had  formerly  been  found  in  the  county,  but  which  was 
then  extinct. 


ADDENDA. 

30.5.     [212.]     Rallus  virginianm  (Linn.).     Virginia  Rail. 

Uncommon  migrant.    Several  were  seen  and  one  killed  with  a  club  in  a 
yard  in  town,  April  22,  1904. 


No.  l.    Nest  and  eggs  of  Little  Green  Heron  in  an  apple  tree. 


No.  2.     Same  nest,  with  four  young  and  two  eggs  yet  unhatched. 


No.  3.    Four  young  of  Little  Green  Heron  posing  for  the  camera, 


No.  4.    Cut  of  two  young  Herons,  showing  the  tenacity  with  which  they  cling  to  a  stick. 
12— A.  OF  SCIENCE, '04. 


No.  5.    Two  young  Little  Green  Herons  posing. 


No.  6.    Nest  of  KilMeer  on  ground. 


No.  7.    Ntst  and  eggs  of  Dove  on  rail  tence.    Nest  is  simply  a  slignt  addition  to  old 
nest  of  some  other  bird. 


No.  8.    Eggs  of  Dove  on  ground.    No  nest  whatever. 


No.  9.    Nest  and  eggs  of  Dove  on  stump. 


No.  10.    Nest  and  eggs  of  Dove  in  cedar. 


No.  11.    Nest  and  three  eggs  of  Black-billed  Cuckoo. 


No.  12.    Nest  and  six  eggs  of  Downy  Woodpecker  in  fence  post. 


No.  13.    Nest  and  five  eggs  of  Flicker  in  apple  tree. 


No.  14.    Nest  and  eggs  of  Kingbird  in  apple  tree. 


No,  15.    Nest  and  six  eggs  of  Phoebe  on  stone  abutment  of  a  bridge. 


No.  16.     Nei-t  and  five  eggs  of  Jaybird  in  apple  tree. 


No.  17.    Nest  of  Meadowlark,  openeu  somewiiac  to  snow  eggs. 


No.  18.    Nest  and  three  eggs  of  Chipping  Sparrow,  with  one  Cowbird  egg,  placed  in  a  pear 

tree. 


No.  19.    Nest  and  three  eergs  of  Field  Sparrow. 


No.l20. "m;Nest  and  four  eggs'of  Song-  Sparrow. 


No.  21.    Nest  and  eggs  of  Chewink.    Two  of  the  eggs  do  not  show  on  account  of  position 

of  camera. 


No.  22.    Nest  and  three  eggs  of  Cardinal  in  cedar  tree. 


No.  23.    Nest  and  three  eggs  of  Blue-headed  Vireo,  with  Cowbird  egg. 


: 


No.  24.    Nest  and  one  egg  of  White-eyed  Vireo.  with  two  Cowbird 


No.  25.    Nest  and  four  eggs  of  Brown  Thrasher. 


No.  26.    Nest  and  four  eggs  oi!  Brown  Thrasher  on  ground. 


No.  27.    Nest  and  four  eggs  of  Blue-gray  Gnatcatcher  in  elm  tree. 


No.  28.    Side  view  of  nest  of  Blue-gray  (tiiatcatcher. 


No.  29.    Nest  and  six  eggs  of  House  Wren  in  sack  hanging  on  fence.    Hole  in  sack  was 

enlarged  to  show  nest. 


No.  30.    Nest  and  eggs  oi'  Robin  on  rail  fence.    Only  one  egg  shows  on  account  of  position 

of  camera. 


No.  31.    Nest  and  five  eggs  of  Bluebird. 


No.  32.    Young  of  Bluebird. 


192 


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ISTDEX. 


199 


American  Bittern,  25. 
American  Coot,  34. 
American  Crossbill,  108. 
American  Egret,  28. 
American  Golden-eye,  19. 
American  Goldfinch,  111. 
American  Goshawk,  55. 
American  Long-eared  Owl,  65. 
American  Merganser,  89. 
American  Osprey,  64. 
American  Pipit,  191. 
American  Redstart,  190. 
American  Robin,  214. 
American  Rough-legged  Hawk,  59. 
American  Scaup  Duck,  17. 
American  Sparrow  Hawk,  63. 
American  Woodcock,  35. 

Bachman's  Sparrow,  127. 

Bald  Eagle,  61. 

Baltimore  Oriole,  103. 

Bank  Swallow,  143. 

Barn  Swallow,  141. 

Barred  Owl,  67. 

Bartramian  Sandpiper,  43. 

Bay-breasted  Warbler,  170. 

Belted  Kingfisher,  74. 

Bewick's  Wren,  196. 

Bittern,  American,  25. 

Bittern,  Least,  26. 

Black  and  White  Warbler,  154. 

Black-billed  Cuckoo,  73. 

Blackbird,  Red-winged,  100. 

Blackbird,  Rusty,  104. 

Blackburnian  Warbler,  172. 

Blackpoll  Warbler,  171. 

Black-throated  Blue  Warbler,  165. 

Black-throated  Green  Warbler,  174. 

Black  Vulture,  50. 

Bluebird,  215. 

Blue  Goose,  23. 

Blue-gray  Gnatcatcher,  208. 

Blue-headed  Vireo,  152. 

Blue  Jay,  96. 

Blue-winged  Warbler,  157. 

Bobolink,  98. 

Bob-white.'46. 

Bonaparte's  Gull,  4. 


Broad-winged  Hawk,  58. 
Bronzed  Grackle,  105. 
Brown  Creeper,  200. 
Brown  Thrasher,  194. 
Buffle-head,  20. 
Bunting,  Indigo,  135. 

Canada  Goose,  24. 
Canadian  Warbler,  189. 
Canvas-back,  16. 
Cape  May  Warbler,  163. 
Carolina  Chickadee,  205. 
Carolina  Wren,  195. 
Catbird,  193. 
Cedar  Waxwing,  145. 
Cerulean  Warbler,  168. 
Chat,  Yellow-breasted,  186. 
Chestnut-sided  Warbler,  169. 
Chickadee,  204. 
Chickadee  Carolina,  205. 
Chimney  Swift,  84. 
Chipping  Sparrow,  124. 
Cliff  Swallow,  140. 
Common  Crow,  97. 
Common  Tern,  6. 
Connecticut  Warbler,  183. 
Cooper's  Hawk,  54. 
Coot,  American,  34. 
Cormorant,  Double-crested,  7. 
Cowbird,  99. 
Crane,  Whooping,  30. 
Creeper,  Brown,  200. 
Crested  Flycatcher,  87. 
Crossbill,  American,  108. 
Crossbill,  White-winged,  109. 
Crow,  Common,  97. 
Cuckoo,  Black-billed,  73. 
Cuckoo,  Yellow-billed,  72. 

Dickcissel,  136. 
Double-crested  Cormorant,  7. 
Dove,  Mourning,  48. 
Downy  Woodpecker.  76. 
Duck,  American  Scaup,  17. 
Duck,  Lesser  Scaup,  18. 
Duck,  Ruddy,  22. 
Duck,  Wood,  14. 


200 


Eagle,  Bald,  61. 
Eagle,  Golden,  60. 
Egret,  American,  28. 
European  Sparrow,  116. 
Evening  Grosbeak,  106. 

Field  Sparrow,  125. 
Finch,  Purple,  107. 
Flicker,  Northern,  81. 
Florida  Gallinule,33. 
Flycatcher,  Crested,  87. 

Green-crested,  92. 

Least,  94. 

Olive-sided,  89. 

Traill's,  93. 

Yellow-bellied,  91. 
Forster's  Tern,  5. 
Fox  Sparrow,  131. 

Gallinule,  Florida,  33. 
Gnatcatcher,  208. 
Goose,  Blue,  23. 
Goose,  Canada,  24. 
Green-crested  Flycatcher, 92. 
Golden-crowned  Kinglet,  206. 
Golden  Eagle,  60. 
Golden-eye,  American,  19. 
Golden-winged  Warbler,  158. 
Goldfinch,  American,  111. 
Goshawk.  American,  55. 
Grackle,  Bronzed,  105. 
Grasshopper  Sparrow,  118. 
Gray-cheeked  Thrush,  211. 
Great  Blue  Heron,  27. 
Great  Horned  Owl, 70. 
Greater  Yellow-legs,  40. 
Grebe,  Horned,  1. 
Grebe,  Pied-billed,  2. 
Green  Heron,  29. 
Green-winged  Teal,  11. 
Grinnel's  Water  Thrush,  180. 
Grosbeak,  Evening,  106. 
Grosbeak,  Rose-breasted,  134. 
Grouse,  Ruffed,  47. 
Gull,  Bonaparte's,  4. 

Hairy  Woodpecker,  75. 

Hawk,  American  Rough-legged,  59. 

American  Sparrow,  63. 

Broad-winged,  58. 

Cooper's,  54. 

Marsh,  52. 

Night,  83. 

Pigeon,  62. 

Red-shouldered,  57. 

Red-tailed,  56 

Sharp-shinned,  53. 


Henslow's  Sparrow,  119. 

Heron,  Great  Blue,  27. 

Heron,  Green,  29. 

Hermit  Thrush,  213. 

Hooded  Merganser,  9. 

Hooded  Warbler,  187. 

Horned  Grebe,  1. 

Horned,  Lark,  95. 

House  Wren,  197. 

Hummingbird,  Ruby-throated,  85. 

Indigo  Bunting,  135. 

Jay,  Blue,  96. 

Junco,  Slate-colored,  126. 

Kentucky  Warbler,  182. 
Killdeer,  45. 
Kingbird,  86. 
Kingfisher,  Belted,  74. 
Kinglet,  Golden-crowned,  206. 

Ruby-crowned,  207. 
Kite,  Swallow-tailed,  51. 

Lapland  Longspur,114. 
Lark,  Meadow,  101. 
Lark,  Prairie  Horned,  95. 
Lark  Sparrow,  120. 
Least  Bittern,  26. 
Least  Flycatcher,  94. 
Least  Sandpiper,  38. 
Lesser  Scaup  Duck,  18. 
Lincoln's  Sparrow,  129. 
Loggerhead  Shrike,  147. 
Long-billed  Wren,  199. 
Longspur,  Lapland,  114. 
Loun,3. 
Louisiana  Water  Thrush,  181. 

Magnolia  Warbler,  167. 
Mallard,  10. 
Marsh  Hawk,  52. 
Martin,  Purple,  139. 
Maryland  Yellow  Throat,  185. 
Meadowlark,101. 
Merganser,  American,  89. 
Merganser,  Hooded,  9. 
Mockingbird,  192. 
Mourning  Dove,  48. 
Mourning  Warbler,  184. 
Myrtle  Warbler,  166. 

Nashville  Warbler,  159. 
Night  Hawk,  83. 
Northern  Flicker,  81. 
Northern  Parula  Warbler,  162. 
Northern  Pileated  Woodpecker,  78. 


201 


Northern  Shrike,  146. 
Nuthatch,  Red-breasted,  202. 
Nuthatch,  White-breasted,  201. 

Olive  backed  Thrush,  212. 

Olive-sided  Flycatcher,  89. 

Orange-crowned  Warbler,  160. 

Orchard  Oriole,  102. 

Oriole,  Baltimore,  103. 

Oriole,  Orchard,  102. 

Owl,  American  Long  eared,  65. 

Barred,  67. 

Great  Horned,  70. 

Saw-whet,  68. 

Screech,  69. 

Short-eared,  66. 

Snowy.  71. 
Oven-bird,  178. 

Palm  Warbler,  176. 
Pectoral  Sandpiper,  37. 
Pewee.  Wood,  90. 
Philadelphia  Vireo,  149. 
Phoebe,  88. 
Pied-billed  Grebe,  2. 
Pigeon  Hawk,  62. 
Pileated  Woodpecker,  78. 
Pine  Siskin,  112. 
Pine  Warbler,  175. 
Pintail,  13. 
Pipit,  American,  191. 
Prairie  Horned  Lark,  95. 
Prairie  Warbler,  177. 
Prothonotary  Warbler,  155. 
Purple  Finch,  107. 
Purple  Martin,  139. 

Rail,  Yellow,  32. 
Redbird,  133. 

Red-bellied  Woodpecker,  80. 
Red-breasted  Nuthatch,  207. 
Red-eyed  Vireo,  148. 
Redhead,  15. 

Red-headed  Woodpecker,  79. 
Redpoll,  110. 

Red-shouldered  Hawk,  57. 
Redstart,  American,  180. 
Red-tailed  Hawk,  56. 
Red-winged  Blackbird,  100. 
Robin,  American,  214. 
Rose-breasted  Grosbeak,  134. 
Rough-winged  Swallow,  144. 
Ruby-crowned  Kinglet,  207. 
Ruby-throated  Hummingbird,  85. 
Ruddy  Duck,  22. 
Ruffed  Grouse,  4". 
Rusty  Blackbird,  104. 


Sandpiper,  Bartramian,  43. 
Least,  38. 
Pectoral,  37. 
S.-mipalmated,  39. 
Solitary,  42. 
Spotted,  44. 
Savanna  Sparrow,  117. 
Saw-whet  Owl,  68. 
Scarlet  Tanager,  37. 
Scoter,  Surf,  21. 
Screech  Owl,  69. 
Semipal mated  Sandpiper,  c 
Sharp-shinned  Hawk,  53. 
Short-eared  Owl,  66. 
Shoveller,  12. 
Shrike,  Loggerhead,  147. 
Shrike,  Northern,  146. 
Siskin,  Pine,  112. 
Slate-colored  Junco,  126. 
Snipe,  Wilson's,  36. 
Snowflake,  113. 
Snowy  Owl,  71. 
Solitary  Sandpiper,  42. 
Song  Sparrow,  128. 
Sora,  31. 

Sparrow,  Bachman's,  127. 
Chipping,  124. 
European,  116. 
Field,  125. 
Fox,  131. 

Grasshopper,  118. 
Henslow's,119. 
Lark,  120. 
Lincoln's,  129. 
Savanna,  117. 
Song,  128. 
Swamp,  130. 
Tree,  123. 
Vesper,  115. 
White-throated,  122. 
Sparrow  Hawk,  63. 
Summer  Tanager,  138. 
Swallow,  Barn,  141. 
Bank,  143. 
Cliff,  140. 

Rough-winged,  144. 
Tree,  142. 

Swamp  Sparrow,  130. 
Spotted  Sandpiper,  44. 
Surf  Scoter,  21. 
Swallow-tailed  Kite,  51. 
Swift,  Chimney,  81. 
Sycamore  Warbler,  173. 

Tanager,  Scarlet,  137. 
Tanager,  Summer,  H8. 
Teal,  Green-winged,  11. 


202 


Tennessee  Warbler,  161. 
Tern,  Common,  6. 
Tern,  Forster's,5. 
Thrasher,  Brown,  194. 
Thrush,  Gray-cheeked,  211. 

Hermit,  213. 

Olive-backed,  212. 

Wilson's,  210. 

Wood,  2(  9. 

Titmouse,  Tufted,  203. 
Towhee,  132. 
Traill's  Flycatcher,  93. 
Tree  Sparrow,  123. 
Tufted  Titmouse,  203. 
Turkey  Vulture,  49. 

Vesper  Sparrow,  115. 
Vireo,  Blue-headed,  152. 

Philadelphia,  149. 

Red-eyed,  148. 

Warbling,  150. 

White-eyed,  153. 

Yellow-throated,  151. 
Vulture,  Black,  50. 
Vulture,  Turkey,  49. 

Warbler- 

Bay-breasted,  170. 
Black  and  White,  154. 
Blackburnian,  172. 
Blackpoll,  171. 
Black-throated  Blue,  165. 
Black-throated  Green,  174. 
Blue-winged,  157. 
Canadian,  189. 
Cape  May,  163. 
Cerulean,  168. 
Chestnut-sided,  169. 
Connecticut,  183. 
Golden-winged,  158. 
Hooded,  187. 
Kentucky,  182. 
Magnolia,  167. 
Mourning,  184. 
Myrtle,  166. 
Nashville,  159. 
Northern  Parula,  162. 
Orange-crowned,  160. 
Palm,  176. 


Pine,  175. 

Prairie,  177. 

Prothonotary,  155. 

Sycamore,  173. 

Tennessee,  161. 

Wilson's,  188. 

Worm-eating,  156. 

Yellow,  164. 
Warbling  Vireo,  150. 
Water  Thrush,  179. 
Waxwing,  Cedar,  145. 
White-breasted  Nuthatch,  201. 
White-crowned  Sparrow,  121. 
White-eyed  Vireo,  153. 
White-winged  Crossbill,  109. 
White-throated  Sparrow,  122. 
Whooping  Crane,  30. 
Wilson's  Snipe.  36. 
Wilson's  Thrush,  210. 
Wilson's  Warbler,  188. 
Winter  Wren,  198. 
Whip-poor-will, 82. 
Woodcock,  American,  35. 
Wood  Duck,  14. 
WoodPewee,90. 
Woodpecker,  Downy,  76. 

Hairy,  75. 

Northern  Pileated,78. 

Red-bellied,  80. 

Red-headed,  79. 

Yellow-bellied,  77. 
Wood  Thrush,  209. 
Wren— 

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Carolina,  195. 

House,  197. 

Long-billed,  199. 

Winter, 198. 


Yellow-bellied  Flycatcher,  91. 
Yellow-bellied  Woodpecker,  77. 
Yellow-billed  Cuckoo,  72. 
Yellow-breasted  Chat,  186. 
Yellow-legs,  Greater,  40. 
Yellow-legs,  41. 
Yellow  Rail,  32. 
Yellow-throated  Vireo,  151. 
Yellow  Warbler,  164. 


